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Similarities between HIV & pathogenic SIV infection of macaques
Chronic progressive infection associated with opportunistic infections and CNS involvement (simian AIDS).
Presence of a minority of “benign” cases (LTNP, EC) associated with low viremia and specific MHC Class-I alleles.
Kinetics of viremia characterized by acute peak and post-peak decline.
Presence of vigorous but ultimately ineffective innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus.
Key pathogenic events include chronic immune activation, mucosal immune dysfunction, microbial translocation, and high levels of infection of central-memory CD4+ T cells.
Virus replication can be suppressed by ART with persisting reservoirs of latently infected cells.