Table 1. Medication schemes used throughout the study.
| Purpose | Drug | Supplier | Application route | Dose/Concentration |
| Induction of anesthesia | 2% xylazine hydrochloride (Xylazin) | Ceva Sante Animal | i.v. bolus | 0.1 mg×kg−1 |
| ketamine hydrochloride (Ketamin) | Medistar | i.v. bolus | 4 mg×kg−1 | |
| midazolam (Midazolam) | Braun Melsungen | i.v. bolus | 0.2 mg×kg−1 | |
| Inhalation anesthesia (during CTV) | Isoflurane | CP Pharma | ventilation | 2.0% |
| oxygen | Linde Medical Gases | ventilation | 40% | |
| Infusion anesthesia (during MRV) | Midazolam (Midazolam) | Braun Melsungen | i.v. infusion | 0.1 mg×kg−1×h−1 |
| ketamine hydrochloride (Ketamin) | Medistar | i.v. infusion | 2 mg×kg−1×h−1 | |
| 1%propofol (Propofol Lipuro) | Braun Melsunge | i.v. infusion | 6 mg×kg−1×h−1 | |
| MRV contrast agent | gatoderic acid (Dotarem) | Guerbet, Cedex | i.v. bolus | 20 ml per animal |
| CTV contrast agent | Iomeprol (Imeron350) | Bracco Imaging | i.v. | 2 ml×s−1, 90 ml per animal, 80 s delay |
Abbreviations: i.v.: intravenous, MRV: magnetic resonance venography, CTV: computed tomography venography.