Figure 3. Cytokine mRNA expression by macrophages following 24 hours of exposure to HRV1A or HRV16.

Primary MDMs (1×10⁶ cells/ml) were treated with HRV16 or HRV1A at an MOI of 10. Expression of A) CCL20, B) CCL2, C) IL-10 and D) CXCL10 were assayed in blood monocyte-derived macrophages by qPCR. The data are normalized to expression of the housekeeping gene β-actin and are expressed as gene expression fold change from untreated control. Error bars represent the standard error from five independent experiments.