Table 8.
Genetic diversity observed in the 84 local landraces of rice for specific traits preferred by breeders
| Characteristics/specific traits | Breeders choice | Name of local rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars |
|---|---|---|
| Culm attitude | Erect | Champa, Chunia, Chiniatop, Dharia, Kalobhog, Khechri, Gobindobhog, Kumrogore, |
| Time of heading (50 % of plants with panicles) | Very early (<71 days) | Jumla marshi, Dudhey kalam |
| Stem thickness | >0.55 cm | Anandi, Bharlang, Bhangeri, Chinisakkar, Champa, Champasali, Charinagrey, Chunakathi, Chirakhey, Dudheswar, Enda, Ghiosh, Jumla marshi, Jungli, Jhulur, Jeerasari, Kalonunia, Kattaka, Koshiabinni, Kumrogore, Kabiraj, Sarulalat, Tulaipanji, Tulshi, Newlodhan |
| Stem length | Very short <91 cm | Badshabhog, Bhadoi, Dhanraj, Gobindobhog, Jumla marshi, Jhulur, Jeerasari, Kattaka, Kaberi, Khechri, Laxmansal, Kalojera, Khashadhan |
| Panicle: Length of main axis | Medium (21–25 cm) | Chunia (22.98 cm), Bhangeri (23.88 cm), Chinisakkar (25.26 cm), Dudheswar (25.94), Newodhan (22.64 cm), Ladua (22.6 cm), Sukhadhan (22.4 cm), Sarulalat (25.28 cm). |
| Long (26–30 cm) | Not available in the collected germplasm | |
| Very long (>30 cm) | Not available in the collected germplasm | |
| Panicle curvature of main axis | Straight | Chiniatop, Dudheswar, Dharia, Dasnunia, Kalonunia, Kattaka, and Kataribhog |
| Panicle number per plant | Many >20 | Not available in the collected germplasm |
| Medium (11–20) | Dudheswar (14.8), Chinisakkar (11), Newlodhan (11.2), Ladua (11.4), | |
| No. of seeds per panicle | 240 | Chinisakkar (180), Dudheswar (177), Jungli (129), Chirakhey (101), Koshiabinni (101.8), Kabiraj (117), Ladua (151), Newlodhan (116), Maipali (131), Sukha dhan (110), Sarulalat (111) |
| Penultimate leaf width | Broad >2 cm | Jungli (2.3 cm) |
| Medium (1-2 cm) | Anandi (1.36 cm), Bharlang (1.02 cm), Bhangeri (1.12 cm), Dudheswar (1.14 cm), Kantajingasal (1.18 cm), Laxmikajol (1.04 cm), Maipali (1.12 cm), Newlodhan (1.34 cm), Sarulalat (1.02 cm), | |
| Penaltimate leaf blade length | Medium (30–45 cm) | Attey (35.74 cm), Jumla marshi (34 cm), Jhulur (42.46 cm), Jeerasari (47.94 cm), Katharibhog (18.54 cm), Khechri (44.2 cm), Kholako dhan (40.7 cm), Tulshi (43.6 cm) |
| Time of maturation | Very early (<100) | Jumla marshi black (97 days) |
| Flag leaf in early and late observation | Erect | Anandi, Aichung, Chiniatop, Dudheswar, Enda, Ghiosh, Jungli, Jhulur, Kantarangi, Laxmansal |
| Disease resistance | Bacterial blight (based on frequency observation in the field) | Dudheswar, Bharlang, Anandi, Aichung, Kholakodhan, Jungli, Newlodhan (These are least affected by diseases) |
| Abiotic stress tolerance | Cold tolerance-Jumla Marshi black | |
| i) cold tolerance | Jumla Marshi (White) | |
| ii) salinity tolerance | Salinity tolerance- Ghiosh | |
| iii) Anaerobic germination | Anaerobic germination- Tulshi, Nageswari, Ghiosh, Dudheswar | |
| Root character | Long and highly branched in Jungli, Dudheswar |