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. 2014 Apr 9;5:127. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00127

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Copyright © 2014 Watanabe, Gotoh, Miura and Maekawa.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The soldier effects on morphogenesis shown by Tsuchiya et al. (2008) and Watanabe and Maekawa (2012). (A) Illustrations of a soldier and a worker of Reticulitermes speratus. (B) Mandibles of a worker (left) and a soldier (right). (C) A Median section of a soldier. The frontal gland invaginates into the head and thorax (indicated by pink). (D) Relationships between the effects of soldier presence and the JH titers of workers. When the soldier effect is weak, the JH titer rises resulting in the elongation of mandibles. Under the strong soldier effect, low JH titer repress the mandibular elongation.