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. 2014 Apr 16;4:4712. doi: 10.1038/srep04712

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(a) Crack bridging. (b) Graphene pull-out. (c) Crack deflection. (d) Crack tip shielding. The yellow region refers to 58S matrix, black region refers to graphene, purple region refers to crack, and red arrow refers to the resistance to crack propagation by graphene.