Table 2.
Mean (Standard Error) Scores of CHIP-AE domain and subdomains by diagnosis among survivors
| DOMAIN | Sibling | All survivors | Effect Size |
Leukemia | Effect Size |
CNS tumor | Effect Size |
Wilms tumor |
Effect Size |
Neuroblastoma | Effect Size |
Other diagnosis |
Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=97) | (N=307) | (N=95) | (N=40) | (N=56) | (N=90) | (N=26) | |||||||
| Satisfaction | 20.34(0.45) | 19.46(0.28) | −0.19 | 19.27(0.46) | −0.24 | 16.14(0.70)** | −0.95 | 21.31(0.60) | 0.22 | 20.19(0.47) | −0.03 | 18.95(0.87) | −0.31 |
| Overall satisfaction | 20.33(0.44) | 19.62(0.27) | −0.16 | 19.31(0.45) | −0.23 | 16.37(0.69)** | −0.91 | 21.33(0.59) | 0.23 | 20.40(0.46) | 0.02 | 19.53(0.86) | −0.18 |
| Self-esteem | 20.28(0.48) | 19.42(0.29) | −0.18 | 19.38(0.48) | −0.19 | 16.71(0.74)** | −0.77 | 21.03(0.63) | 0.16 | 19.94(0.50) | −0.07 | 18.59(0.92) | −0.36 |
| Resilience | 23.04(0.46) | 22.53(0.26) | −0.11 | 21.96(0.47) | −0.24 | 22.08(0.72) | −0.21 | 23.00(0.61) | −0.01 | 23.22(0.49) | 0.04 | 22.01(0.90) | −0.23 |
| Family involvement | 21.30(0.38) | 20.89(0.22) | −0.11 | 20.59(0.39) | −0.19 | 21.13(0.59) | −0.05 | 21.44(0.50) | 0.04 | 20.91(0.40) | −0.10 | 20.39(0.73) | −0.25 |
| Home safety | 24.93(0.41) | 24.74(0.24) | −0.05 | 24.21(0.42) | −0.18 | 26.20(0.64) | 0.32 | 24.71(0.54) | −0.05 | 24.90(0.43) | −0.01 | 23.98(0.80) | −0.24 |
| Social Problem solving | 21.40(0.34) | 22.41(0.20)** | 0.29 | 22.75(0.34)** | 0.40 | 23.60(0.54)** | 0.66 | 21.85(0.45) | 0.13 | 21.97(0.36) | 0.17 | 21.98(0.66) | 0.17 |
| Physical activity | 20.93(0.60) | 19.53(0.35)* | −0.23 | 18.94(0.60)* | −0.34 | 16.61(0.93)** | −0.74 | 20.39(0.80) | −0.09 | 20.97(0.64) | 0.01 | 19.86(1.16) | −0.18 |
| Discomfort | 19.89(0.54) | 19.90(0.30) | 0.003 | 19.60(0.54) | −0.05 | 18.63(0.84) | −0.24 | 20.78(0.71) | 0.17 | 20.12(0.56) | 0.04 | 20.41(1.04) | 0.10 |
| Physical discomfort | 18.28(0.61) | 18.35(0.34) | 0.01 | 17.81(0.61) | −0.08 | 17.53(0.94) | −0.13 | 19.26(0.80) | 0.16 | 18.47(0.64) | 0.03 | 19.30(1.17) | 0.17 |
| Emotional discomfort | 18.05(0.58) | 18.50(0.33) | 0.08 | 18.10(0.58) | 0.01 | 17.72(0.89) | −0.06 | 19.96(0.77)* | 0.34 | 18.55(0.61) | −0.14 | 18.09(1.11) | 0.01 |
| Limitation of activity | 22.10(0.37) | 21.87(0.21) | −0.06 | 21.79(0.37) | −0.09 | 20.44(0.58)* | −0.46 | 22.31(0.50) | 0.06 | 22.18(0.39) | 0.02 | 22.46(0.72) | 0.10 |
| Risks | 19.41(0.54) | 20.58(0.33)* | 0.21 | 19.81(0.55) | 0.08 | 22.94(0.85)** | 0.66 | 20.49(0.72) | 0.20 | 20.68(0.57) | 0.24 | 19.58(1.05) | 0.03 |
| Individual risk-taking | 21.49(0.64) | 22.48(0.37) | 0.15 | 22.08(0.65) | 0.09 | 25.01(1.00)** | 0.56 | 21.82(0.85) | 0.05 | 22.64(0.67) | 0.18 | 20.82(1.24) | −0.11 |
| Threats to achievement | 20.58 0.40) | 21.48(0.23)* | 0.22 | 21.08(0.40) | 0.13 | 22.08(0.62)* | 0.39 | 22.19(0.53)* | 0.41 | 21.47(0.42) | 0.23 | 20.54(0.77) | −0.01 |
| Negative Peer influence | 16.34(0.61) | 17.24(0.36) | 0.15 | 16.19(0.61) | −0.03 | 20.40(0.94)** | 0.69 | 16.77(0.80) | 0.07 | 17.37(0.64) | 0.17 | 16.74(1.19) | 0.07 |
| Disorders | 18.87(0.39) | 17.62(0.24)** | −0.32 | 17.34(0.39)** | −0.40 | 16.73(0.61)** | −0.56 | 18.97(0.52) | 0.03 | 17.70(0.41)* | −0.30 | 16.89(0.76)* | −0.52 |
| Acute minor disorders | 18.54(0.51) | 18.39(0.30) | −0.03 | 17.80(0.52) | −0.15 | 18.87(0.80) | 0.07 | 18.88(0.68) | 0.07 | 18.66(0.54) | 0.02 | 17.92(0.99) | −0.12 |
| Acute major disorders | 19.72(0.51) | 19.99(0.28) | 0.05 | 19.82(0.52) | 0.02 | 20.43(0.79) | 0.14 | 19.95(0.67) | 0.05 | 20.08(0.53) | 0.07 | 19.69(0.99) | −0.01 |
| Recurrent disorders | 19.04(0.49) | 19.18(0.28) | 0.03 | 18.68(0.50) | −0.07 | 19.91(0.77) | 0.18 | 19.98(0.65) | 0.19 | 19.13(0.52) | 0.02 | 18.43(0.95) | −0.13 |
| Long-term medical | 20.34(0.68) | 18.45(0.44)** | −0.27 | 17.53(0.69)** | −0.42 | 18.33(1.05) | −0.30 | 19.92(0.90) | −0.06 | 19.04(0.71) | −0.20 | 16.94(1.31)* | −0.51 |
| Long-term surgical | 16.32(1.08) | 12.85(0.65)** | −0.32 | 14.58(1.09) | −0.17 | 8.65(1.68)** | −0.73 | 14.98(1.42) | −0.13 | 12.15(1.13)** | −0.39 | 10.80(2.08)* | −0.52 |
| Psychosocial disorder | 19.41(0.76) | 16.84(0.47)** | −0.33 | 15.82(0.78)** | −0.48 | 14.43(1.19)** | −0.67 | 19.77(1.02) | 0.05 | 17.21(0.80)* | −0.29 | 17.00(1.48) | −0.32 |
| Achievement | 19.60(0.51) | 19.82(0.29) | 0.05 | 19.11(0.51) | −0.10 | 19.56(0.79) | −0.01 | 20.82(0.67) | 0.25 | 20.33(0.53) | 0.15 | 18.99(0.99) | −0.12 |
| Academic performance | 22.79(0.51) | 22.34(0.31) | −0.09 | 21.47(0.51) | −0.27 | 22.39(0.82) | −0.08 | 23.10(0.68) | 0.06 | 23.20(0.54) | 0.08 | 20.98(0.99) | −0.37 |
| Work performance | 19.34(0.59) | 19.45(0.32) | 0.02 | 18.91(0.57) | −0.09 | 19.87(0.93) | 0.11 | 20.50(0.72) | 0.25 | 19.12(0.58) | −0.05 | 19.65(1.10) | 0.07 |
Note: CHIP-AE = Child Health and Illness Profile-Adolescent Edition
The standard reference population mean on the CHIP-AE is 20, with a standard deviation of 5. Higher score indicates better health
T test was used to compare siblings and diagnosis groups and calculate the p-values:
*
=p-value < 0.05;
**
=p-value < 0.01
Cohen's d effect size was calculated comparing survivors to siblings and each diagnostic group with siblings, adjusting for sex and diagnostic group