Table I.
Total number of changes in 8 cardiometabolic risk factors between 8 to 19 years of age in the Fels Longitudinal Study
| Cardiometabolic Risk factor | Number of changes | Total | High-risk status at baseline*
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | High-risk | P value† | |||
| BMI (n = 228) | <.0001 | ||||
| 0 | 198 (86.8)‡ | 194 (89.8) | 4 (33.3) | ||
| 1 | 17 (7.5) | 14 (6.5) | 3 (25.0) | ||
| 2 | 9 (4.0) | 4 (1.9) | 5 (41.7) | ||
| 3+ | 4 (1.8) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Waist circumference (n = 209) | .09 | ||||
| 0 | 177 (84.7) | 164 (86.3) | 13 (68.4) | ||
| 1 | 16 (7.6) | 13 (6.8) | 3 (15.8) | ||
| 2 | 10 (4.8) | 8 (4.2) | 2 (10.5) | ||
| 3+ | 6 (2.9) | 5 (2.6) | 1 (5.3) | ||
| Fasting insulin (n = 237) | .008 | ||||
| 0 | 205 (86.5) | 194 (88.2) | 11 (64.7) | ||
| 1 | 24 (10.1) | 18 (8.2) | 6 (35.3) | ||
| 2 | 8 (3.4) | 8 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 3+ | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Fasting glucose (n = 237) | .008 | ||||
| 0 | 206 (86.6) | 195 (88.7) | 11 (61.1) | ||
| 1 | 24 (10.1) | 17 (7.7) | 7 (38.9) | ||
| 2 | 8 (3.3) | 8 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 3+ | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Triglycerides (n = 237) | <.0001 | ||||
| 0 | 165 (69.6) | 145 (74.0) | 20 (48.8) | ||
| 1 | 43 (18.1) | 28 (14.3) | 15 (36.6) | ||
| 2 | 21 (8.9) | 16 (8.2) | 5 (8.9) | ||
| 3+ | 8 (3.4) | 7 (3.6) | 1 (2.4) | ||
| HDL cholesterol (n = 237) | .021 | ||||
| 0 | 211 (89.0) | 208 (90.0) | 3 (50.0) | ||
| 1 | 12 (5.1) | 10 (4.3) | 2 (33.3) | ||
| 2 | 10 (4.2) | 9 (3.9) | 1 (16.7) | ||
| 3+ | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| SBP (n = 228) | <.0001 | ||||
| 0 | 201 (88.2) | 200 (90.1) | 1 (16.7) | ||
| 1 | 11 (4.8) | 8 (3.6) | 3 (50.0) | ||
| 2 | 10 (4.4) | 10 (4.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 3+ | 6 (2.6) | 4 (1.8) | 2 (33.3) | ||
| DBP (n = 227) | .013 | ||||
| 0 | 200 (88.1) | 198 (89.2) | 2 (40.0) | ||
| 1 | 11 (4.9) | 10 (4.5) | 1 (20.0) | ||
| 2 | 9 (4.0) | 8 (3.6) | 1 (20.0) | ||
| 3+ | 7 (3.1) | 6 (2.7) | 1 (20.0) | ||
The elevated level for each cardiometabolic risk factor was defined with the following cutoff points: BMI: ≥95th percentile for sex and age according to the growth charts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Waist circumference: ≥90th percentile by sex, age, and race/ethnicity. Fasting insulin: >20 mIU/mL. Fasting glucose: ≥100 mg/dL. Triglyceride levels: ≥100 mg/dL (ages 2 to 9 years) or 130 mg/dL (ages 10 to 19 years). HDL cholesterol: <35 mg/dL. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure: ≥90th percentile by sex, age, and height percentile.
Fisher exact test for the overall differences in the proportion of the number of changes for each cardiometabolic risk factor between 2 groups.
The numbers in the table represent n (%).