Table 1.

Overview endothelial progenitor cells in sepsis.

Study group	Study type	Phenotype EPC	Main findings
Becchi et al. [15]	Case-control sepsis (n = 24)	CD34+ KDR+ in isolated PBMC CD34+ KDR+ CD133+ in isolated CD34+ cells	(i) Increased % EPC the first 72 h after sepsis (ii) EPC severe sepsis ≫ sepsis
Cribbs et al. [16]	Case-control sepsis (n = 86)	CFU-EPC	(i) Decreased CFU-EPC in sepsis (ii) Inversely associated with SOFA
Luo et al. [17]	MODS model in pigs (n = 20)	CD133+ CD34+ in WB CFU-EPC Migration to VEGF	Decreased EPC, CFU-EPC and migratory function in MODS
Mayr et al. [18]	LPS in healthy volunteers (n = 32)	CD34+ KDR+ CD133+ EPC in WB CFU-EPC	(i) Decrease in EPC number with nadir at 6 h post LPS (ii) Decreased CFU-EPC nadir 4 h after LPS
Patschan et al. [19]	Case-control sepsis (n = 40)	KDR+ CD133+ in isolated PBMC CFU-EPC	(i) Increased % EPC in sepsis (ii) Decreased CFU-EPC in sepsis
Rafat et al. [20]	Case-control sepsis (n = 32)	CD34+ KDR+ CD133+ in isolated PBMC	(i) Increased % EPC in sepsis (ii) Lower % EPC in nonsurvivors
Schlichting et al. [21]	Case-control severe sepsis (n = 18)	CFU-EPC	No difference
van Ierssel et al. [22]	Case-control severe sepsis (n = 30)	CD34+ KDR+ in WB Migration to SDF-1α and VEGF	(i) Decreased absolute number (ii) Decreased migratory capacity (iii) Impending organ dysfunction the first week was associated with lower EPC and a trend to impaired migration

CFU-EPC: EPC colony forming units; EPC: endothelial progenitor cells, LPS: lipopolysaccharides; MODS: multiorgan dysfunction syndrome; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; SDF-1α: stromal derived factor 1 α; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; WB: whole blood.