Table 4.

Overview on endothelial microparticles in acute brain injury, SAH, and TBI.

Study group	Study population	Detection method	Phenotype EMP	Main findings
Lackner et al. [35]	Case-control spontaneous SAH (n = 20)	Flow cytometry plasma	CD105+/Annexin V+ or − CD62E+/Annexin V+ or − CD54+/Annexin V+ or − CD106+/Annexin V+ or −	(i) Increased number of all EMP phenotypes studied in SAH versus healthy (ii) In patients with Doppler detected cerebral vasospasm increased CD105+/Annexin V+ and CD62E+/Annexin V+ (iii) CD105+/Annexin V+ associated with cerebral infarction
Morel et al. [36]	Case-control TBI (n = 16)	Capture technique PFP and CSF	Annexin V+ CD31+	(i) Increased MP number in plasma and CSF at D0, decreased D3, D5, D10 (ii) High proportion of EMP
Sanborn et al. [37]	Case-control SAH (n = 22)	Flow cytometry Frozen plasma samples	CD146+/Annexin V+	(i) Elevated EMP after SAH, and remained high until D10 (ii) Negative correlation EMP and infarction at D14

CSF: cerebral spinal fluid; EMP: endothelial microparticles; MP: microparticle, PFP: Platelet free plasma; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; TBI: traumatic brain injury.