Figure 3.
Drug response as a system with interactions between the drug, disease, and body through PK-PD processes. Thus, translational research in drug discovery and development could be considered to be divided into three broad disciplines – translational physiology, pharmacology and pathology. Mechanism-based PK-PD modelling, by quantitatively combining system and drug-specific physiological, pharmacological and pathological properties, has the potential to facilitate translational research. Adapted from ref 28.