Table 4.
Multivariate hazard ratios (aHRs) for the risk of violent behavior in males and females with schizophrenia adjusted for continuous confounding factors.
| Gender | Risk factor | Age (years) |
Depression scores (baseline) |
Depression scores (6 months) |
Hostility scores (baseline) |
Hostility Scores (6 months) |
Positive symptom scores (baseline) |
Positive symptom scores (6 months) |
Poor impulse control scores (baseline) |
Poor impulse control scores (6 months) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | aHR (95% CI) | ||
| Males | ||||||||||
| Suicidal ideation | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.1 (0.7–1.9) | |
| Suicidal threat | 3.2 (2.0–5.2)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.8 (2.4–6.1)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.0 (1.7–5.4)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.9 (2.5–6.1)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.6 (2.0–6.4)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.8 (2.4–6.0)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.2 (1.8–5.8)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.9 (2.5–6.2)⁎⁎⁎ | 3.5 (1.9–6.2)⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Suicide attempt | 2.1 (1.1–4.1)⁎ | 2.8 (1.4–5.5)⁎⁎ | 2.1 (0.8–5.2) | 3.0 (1.6–5.6)⁎⁎ | 2.3 (0.9–5.6) | 2.9 (1.5–5.5)⁎⁎ | 2.3 (0.9–5.4) | 2.9 (1.5–5.6)⁎⁎ | 2.4 (0.9–5.6) | |
| Females | ||||||||||
| Suicidal ideation | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | 0.4 (0.1–1.7) | 0.2 (0.1–1.2) | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | 0.3 (0.1–1.4) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | |
| Suicidal threat | 8.4 (3.5–19.8)⁎⁎⁎ | 10.7 (4.5–25.5)⁎⁎⁎ | 15.6 (5.2–46.9)⁎⁎⁎ | 10.0 (4.1–24.0)⁎⁎⁎ | 13.6 (4.7–39.1)⁎⁎⁎ | 9.1 (3.7–22.4)⁎⁎⁎ | 12.3 (4.2–35.9)⁎⁎⁎ | 9.6 (4.0–22.9)⁎⁎⁎ | 12.4 (3.9–39.9)⁎⁎⁎ | |
| Suicide attempt | 4.1 (1.4–11.6)⁎⁎ | 5.3 (1.8–15.9)⁎⁎ | 5.7 (1.8–18.3)⁎⁎ | 4.3 (1.4–13.1)⁎⁎ | 5.2 (1.4–19.2)⁎ | 4.2 (1.4–12.7)⁎ | 5.0 (1.6–15.8)⁎⁎ | 4.5 (1.5–13.3)⁎⁎ | 5.4 (1.6–17.6)⁎⁎ | |
Note:
⁎⁎⁎
Significant to the 0.001 level.
⁎⁎
Significant to the 0.01 level.
⁎
Significant to the 0.05 level.