Table 2.
Respirable particle mass concentration by season in different locations.
| Location | Winter | Spring & autumn | Monsoon | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of samples | Arithmetic mean concentration (SD) (μg/m3) | Geometric mean concentration (SD) (μg/m3) | Number of samples | Arithmetic mean concentration (SD) (μg/m3) | Geometric mean concentration (SD) (μg/m3) | Number of samples | Arithmetic mean concentration (SD) (μg/m3) | Geometric mean concentration (SD) (μg/m3) | ||
| Bedroom | Urban cement roof | 16 | 342 (185) |
303 (1.64) |
10 | 113 (96.9) |
79.6 (2.60) |
4 | 60.3 (35.4) |
49.7 (2.24) |
| Urban tiled roof | 4 | 384 (234) |
311 (2.33) |
4 | 112 (50.8) |
102 (1.73) |
4 | 204 (182) |
123 (4.05) |
|
| Urban straw roof | 1 | 256 | 256 | 2 | 62.9 (67.4) |
41.1 (4.06) |
1 | 38.5 | 38.5 | |
| Rural cement roof | 8 | 322 (109) |
307 (1.38) |
7 | 153 (95.3) |
115 (2.69) |
4 | 115 (68.5) |
85.1 (2.97) |
|
| Rural tiled roof | 16 | 398 (216) |
352 (1.65) |
4 | 173 (201) |
111 (2.78) |
2 | 66.4 (71.3) |
43.1 (4.09) |
|
| Rural straw roof | 2 | 217 (1.80) |
217 (1.01) |
4 | 374 (304) |
285 (2.39) |
3 | 160 (249) |
48.8 (6.83) |
|
| Veranda | Urban | 8 | 410 (221) |
347 (1.98) |
2 | 850 (460) |
786 (1.77) |
5 | 58.0 (28.2) |
50.3 (1.95) |
| Rural | 8 | 771 (1060) |
455 (2.72) |
2 | 469 176 |
452 (1.47) |
6 | 95.0 (63.2) |
78.5 (1.99) |
|
| School | Urban | 5 | 167 (86.8) |
146 (1.85) |
4 | 115 (74.3) |
98.4 (1.89) |
5 | 82.8 (45.1) |
75.8 (1.54) |
| Rural | 2 | 161 (143) |
126 (2.83) |
4 | 63.1 (8.93) |
62.6 (1.16) |
2 | 71.8 (3.30) |
71.8 (1.05) |
|
| Outdoor | Urban | 7 | 305 (216) |
259 (1.79) |
7 | 105 (67.1) |
85.0 (2.15) |
5 | 24.3 (0.32) |
24.4 (1.01) |
| Rural | 5 | 369 (207) |
319 (1.90) |
8 | 112 (66.5) |
99.6 (1.65) |
6 | 67.6 (27.6) |
61.6 (1.66) |
|
| Kitchen cooking | Biomass | 7 | 1550 (1050) |
1311 (1.84) |
5 | 433 (368) |
318 (2.46) |
9 | 933 (499) |
835 (1.63) |
| Non-biomass | 2 | 204 (170) |
165 (2.60) |
5 | 97.8 (2.33) |
97.8 (1.02) |
3 | 177 (147) |
143 (2.15) |
|
| Dung | 4 | 1410 (757) |
1270 (1.70) |
2 | 557 (649) |
315 (5.23) |
4 | 1140 (686) |
982 (1.89) |
|
| Wood | 2 | 2270 (1740) |
1910 (2.36) |
2 | 244 (47.7) |
242 (1.22) |
4 | 775 (304) |
730 (1.49) |
|
| Kitchen no cooking | Biomass | 10 | 250 (128) |
216 (1.85) |
4 | 707 (1220) |
216 (5.17) |
7 | 96.0 (2.63) |
95.9 (1.03) |
| Non-biomass | 4 | 123 (45.7) |
117 (1.45) |
4 | 303 (416) |
168 (3.12) |
||||
| Dung | 4 | 260 (68.1) |
251 (1.36) |
3 | 95.2 (2.92) |
95.2 (1.03) |
2 | 92.9 (3.44) |
92.8 (1.04) |
|
| Wood | 6 | 234 (168) |
183 (2.30) |
1 | 2550 | 2550 | 4 | 97.1 (1.05) |
97.1 (1.01) |
|
| Total | 106 | 76 | 66 | |||||||
NB: Biomass samples are shown together and separated into those that used wood and dung only (the others used a mixture of the two).