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Immobilization of a receptor (R) with a primary amine on a self assembled monolayer (SAM) via EDC/NHS coupling. The carboxyl-terminated thiol is converted to a succinimide ester by reaction with carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxylsuccinimide (NHS), making it reactive toward molecules with available primary amines, as shown by the circle marked “R”. The final product is a receptor (R) covalently linked to the surface with an amide bond.
