Table 5. Regional Variation in Obesity Hazard and Relationship with Civilian Obesity.

Census Region	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)
	Model 1*	Model 2†
New England‡	0.98 (0.68–1.42)	0.88 (0.62–1.26)
Mid Atlantic	1.27 (1.13–1.44)	1.06 (0.96–1.18)
East North Central	1.62 (1.40–1.88)	1.60 (1.39–1.85)
West North Central	2.33 (2.11–2.56)	2.25 (2.06–2.47)
South Atlantic	1.38 (1.26–1.50)	1.29 (1.21–1.38)
East South Central	Referent	1.20 (1.06–1.37)
West South Central	2.51 (2.30–2.73)	2.32 (2.15–2.50)
Mountain**	1.32 (1.20–1.45)	1.14 (1.05–1.23)
Pacific	1.20 (1.09–1.33)	Referent

*Model 1 adjusted for all variables in Tables 1–2 aside from altitude category (branch of service, time in service, age, enlistment BMI, sex, housing allowance, Race/Ethnicity, and job category).

^†Model 2 also adjusted for self-reported current smoking among civilians (as reported in 2011 BRFSS).

^‡New England not used as the referent group as it had the smallest sample size.

**The average altitude of 3 digit zip code areas throughout the Mountain census region varied from 0.44 km to 2.87 km (highest residence of a service member was 2.34 km) and a majority of person time observed in this region was from members living at <1.96 km.