Figure 7. Colour space of Vespa velutina specimens.
Two first dimensions of the colour space resulting from a correspondence analysis on melanisation described by two binary variables of the extreme light and dark coloration for each body part. Intermediate modalities were integrated using a fuzzy coding. Coloured spots described the mean values of each colour morphs (see Fig. 1). Colour forms: N = nigrithorax. K = karnyi. C = celebensis. V = velutina. U = flavitarsus. W = variana. T = timorensis. R = ardens. A = auraria. F = floresiana. D = divergens. P = pruthii. B = sumbana.