Figure 5. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) played hepato-protective effects through modulating transcription factor and MAPK pathways.

Hepatic expression of (A) cytosolic inhibitor of kappa B alpha (IκBα) protein, (B) nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity and (C) MAPK pathway members after 10-week 4 g/kg ethanol administration with or without daily 25 mg/kg ZD administration from the 5^th week to the 10^th week. Different letters (e.g. a and b) indicate significant differences between groups (at least p<0.05). Data presented are expressed as Mean ± S.D. (n = 6).