Skip to main content
. 2014 Apr 16;9(4):e95107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095107

Table 2. Major VOCs consistently identified in experimental soil samples throughout the decomposition stages (excluding fresh).

Bloat Active Decay Advanced Decay Skeletonization Literature Citation
Sulphide
Dimethyl sulphide [14], [18], [19], [20], [21], [26], [32]
Dimethyl disulphide [14], [18], [19], [20], [21], [26], [31], [32], [43]
Dimethyl trisulphide [14], [18], [19], [21], [26], [31], [32], [41]
2,4-dithiapentane [14], [34]
3-methylthiophene [21]
Nitrogen-containing
Trimethylamine [21], [22], [27], [34], [40]
3-methylpyridine [21]
Benzonitrile [18], [21], [22]
Benzylnitrile [21]
Aromatic
Indole [20], [21], [27], [40]
2-ethylfuran [32]
2-butylfuran NR*
2-pentylfuran [20], [27], [40]
2-methyltetrahydrofuran NR
2-butyltetrahydrofuran NR
Styrene [18], [19], [26], [30], [41]
Carboxylic Acid
Acetic acid [22], [34], [41]
2-methylbutanoic acid [3], [21], [22], [27]
Benzoic acid [21]
Ester
Methyl acetate NR
Ethyl acetate NR
Propyl acetate [21], [32]
Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-,ethyl ester [32]
Propanoic acid, ethyl ester NR
Butanoic acid, 1-methyl-, ethyl ester NR
Butanoic acid, ethyl ester [20], [32]
Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester NR
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, butyl ester [21]
Butanoic acid, methyl ester NR
Butanoic acid, propyl ester NR
Butanoic acid, butyl ester [20], [21]
Pentanoic acid, ethyl ester NR
Aldehyde
Hexanal [19], [20], [27], [30], [32], [40]
Octanal [3], [19], [20], [22], [30]
Nonanal [18], [19], [20], [27], [30], [41]
3-methylbutanal [22], [26], [30], [34]
2-phenylpropenal NR
2-methyl-prop-2-enal NR
Ketone
2-butanone [22], [26], [30], [32], [34]
3-methyl-2-butanone [22], [34]
2-pentanone [22], [32], [34]
2-hexanone [32]
2-heptanone [3], [20], [22], [27], [32]
2-octanone [3], [22]
3-octanone [3], [22]
2-nonanone [3], [19], [22], [27], [32]
2-undecanone [3], [22], [27]
2-nonadecanone NR
1-phenylethanone [3], [20], [31], [34]
3-methyl-3-buten-2-one NR
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one NR
Alcohol
Ethanol [19], [21], [26], [30], [32]
1-propanol [3], [22]
2-propanol [26]
2-methyl-1-propanol [21], [32], [34]
2-propen-1-ol NR
1-butanol [21], [22], [32], [34]
2-butanol [21], [22], [34]
2-methyl-1-butanol NR
3-methyl-1-butanol [21], [22]
1-pentanol [20], [21], [22], [27], [32], [34], [40]
2-pentanol [32], [34]
2-hexanol NR
2-heptanol NR
1-octanol [21], [22]
1-nonanol [41]
Phenol [3], [18], [21], [22], [26], [31], [34], [41]
4-methylphenol [3], [21], [22], [26]
2-phenylethanol [21]
Hydrocarbon
Pentane [30]
Hexane [19],
1-hexene [32], [34]
Heptane [18], [26], [30], [32], [34]
1-heptene [32], [34]
Octane [22], [26], [30], [32]
1-octene [22]
Tridecane [34], [41]
Pentadecane [34], [41]
1-pentadecene NR
8-heptadecene NR
α-pinene [32], [34]
β-pinene NR
1-methyl-2-pentylcyclopropane NR
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene NR

*NR =  Not Reported in Literature.