Table 2. Major VOCs consistently identified in experimental soil samples throughout the decomposition stages (excluding fresh).
Bloat | Active Decay | Advanced Decay | Skeletonization | Literature Citation | |
Sulphide | |||||
Dimethyl sulphide | ▴ | [14], [18], [19], [20], [21], [26], [32] | |||
Dimethyl disulphide | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [14], [18], [19], [20], [21], [26], [31], [32], [43] |
Dimethyl trisulphide | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [14], [18], [19], [21], [26], [31], [32], [41] |
2,4-dithiapentane | ▴ | [14], [34] | |||
3-methylthiophene | ▴ | [21] | |||
Nitrogen-containing | |||||
Trimethylamine | ▴ | ▴ | [21], [22], [27], [34], [40] | ||
3-methylpyridine | ▴ | ▴ | [21] | ||
Benzonitrile | ▴ | [18], [21], [22] | |||
Benzylnitrile | ▴ | [21] | |||
Aromatic | |||||
Indole | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [20], [21], [27], [40] | |
2-ethylfuran | ▴ | ▴ | [32] | ||
2-butylfuran | ▴ | NR* | |||
2-pentylfuran | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [20], [27], [40] | |
2-methyltetrahydrofuran | ▴ | ▴ | NR | ||
2-butyltetrahydrofuran | ▴ | NR | |||
Styrene | ▴ | ▴ | [18], [19], [26], [30], [41] | ||
Carboxylic Acid | |||||
Acetic acid | ▴ | [22], [34], [41] | |||
2-methylbutanoic acid | ▴ | [3], [21], [22], [27] | |||
Benzoic acid | ▴ | [21] | |||
Ester | |||||
Methyl acetate | ▴ | NR | |||
Ethyl acetate | ▴ | NR | |||
Propyl acetate | ▴ | [21], [32] | |||
Propanoic acid, 2-methyl-,ethyl ester | ▴ | [32] | |||
Propanoic acid, ethyl ester | ▴ | NR | |||
Butanoic acid, 1-methyl-, ethyl ester | ▴ | NR | |||
Butanoic acid, ethyl ester | ▴ | [20], [32] | |||
Butanoic acid, 2-methyl-, ethyl ester | ▴ | NR | |||
Butanoic acid, 3-methyl-, butyl ester | ▴ | [21] | |||
Butanoic acid, methyl ester | ▴ | NR | |||
Butanoic acid, propyl ester | ▴ | NR | |||
Butanoic acid, butyl ester | ▴ | [20], [21] | |||
Pentanoic acid, ethyl ester | ▴ | NR | |||
Aldehyde | |||||
Hexanal | ▴ | ▴ | [19], [20], [27], [30], [32], [40] | ||
Octanal | ▴ | [3], [19], [20], [22], [30] | |||
Nonanal | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [18], [19], [20], [27], [30], [41] | |
3-methylbutanal | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [22], [26], [30], [34] | |
2-phenylpropenal | ▴ | NR | |||
2-methyl-prop-2-enal | ▴ | NR | |||
Ketone | |||||
2-butanone | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [22], [26], [30], [32], [34] | |
3-methyl-2-butanone | ▴ | [22], [34] | |||
2-pentanone | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [22], [32], [34] | |
2-hexanone | ▴ | ▴ | [32] | ||
2-heptanone | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [20], [22], [27], [32] | ||
2-octanone | ▴ | [3], [22] | |||
3-octanone | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [22] | ||
2-nonanone | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [19], [22], [27], [32] | ||
2-undecanone | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [22], [27] | ||
2-nonadecanone | ▴ | ▴ | NR | ||
1-phenylethanone | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [20], [31], [34] | ||
3-methyl-3-buten-2-one | ▴ | NR | |||
1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one | ▴ | NR | |||
Alcohol | |||||
Ethanol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [19], [21], [26], [30], [32] | |
1-propanol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [22] | |
2-propanol | ▴ | ▴ | [26] | ||
2-methyl-1-propanol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [21], [32], [34] | |
2-propen-1-ol | ▴ | NR | |||
1-butanol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [21], [22], [32], [34] | |
2-butanol | ▴ | ▴ | [21], [22], [34] | ||
2-methyl-1-butanol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | NR | |
3-methyl-1-butanol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [21], [22] | |
1-pentanol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [20], [21], [22], [27], [32], [34], [40] | |
2-pentanol | ▴ | ▴ | [32], [34] | ||
2-hexanol | ▴ | NR | |||
2-heptanol | ▴ | NR | |||
1-octanol | ▴ | [21], [22] | |||
1-nonanol | ▴ | [41] | |||
Phenol | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [18], [21], [22], [26], [31], [34], [41] | |
4-methylphenol | ▴ | ▴ | [3], [21], [22], [26] | ||
2-phenylethanol | ▴ | ▴ | [21] | ||
Hydrocarbon | |||||
Pentane | ▴ | ▴ | [30] | ||
Hexane | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [19], | |
1-hexene | ▴ | [32], [34] | |||
Heptane | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [18], [26], [30], [32], [34] | |
1-heptene | ▴ | [32], [34] | |||
Octane | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [22], [26], [30], [32] | |
1-octene | ▴ | ▴ | [22] | ||
Tridecane | ▴ | [34], [41] | |||
Pentadecane | ▴ | [34], [41] | |||
1-pentadecene | ▴ | NR | |||
8-heptadecene | ▴ | NR | |||
α-pinene | ▴ | ▴ | ▴ | [32], [34] | |
β-pinene | ▴ | NR | |||
1-methyl-2-pentylcyclopropane | ▴ | NR | |||
1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-1,4-cyclohexadiene | ▴ | NR |
*NR = Not Reported in Literature.