Table 1. Primers used for PCR amplification of resistance genes.

Gene	Primer	Sequence(5′→3′)	Annealing Temp(°C)	Fragment(bp)	Reference
bla TEM	TEM-F	TCAACATTTCCGTGTCG	56	860	[27]
	TEM-R	CTGACAGTTACCAATGCTTA
bla SHV	SHV-F	ATGCGTTATATTCGCCTGTG	56	896	[27]
	SHV-R	AGATAAATCACCACAATGCGC
bla CTX-M-1	M-1F	CCGTTTCCGCTATTACAAACCGTTG	56	944	[37]
	M-1R	GGCCCATGGTTAAAAAATCACTGC
bla CTX-M-2	M-2F	ATGATGACTCACAGCATTCG	56	833	[38]
	M-2R	TCCCGACGGCTTTCCGCGTT
bla CTX-M-8	M-8F	TTTGCCCGTGCGATTGG	50	368	[28]
	M-8R	CGACTTTCTGCCTTCTGCTCT
bla CTX-M-9	M-9F	ATGGTGACAAAGAGAGTGCA	50	870	[39]
	M-9R	CCCTTCGGCGATGATTCTC
bla CTX-M-10	M-10F	GCAGCACCAGTA AAGTGATGG	56	524	[36]
	M-10R	GCGATATCGTTGGTGGTACC
bla CTX-M-14	M-14F	GAGAGTGCAACGGATGATG	56	941	[29]
	M-14R	TGCGGCTGGGTAAAATAG
bla CMY-G1	G1-F	GCTGACAGCCTCTTTCTCCAC	56	1082	[40]
	G1-R	CCTCGACACGGRCAGGGTTA
bla CMY-G2	G2-F	GGTCTGGCCCATGCAGGTGA	56	963	[40]
	G2-R	GGTCGAGCCGGTCTTGTTGA
bla DHA	DHA-F	AACTTTCACAGGTGTGCTGGGT	60	405	[30]
	DHA-R	CCGTACGCATACTGGCTTTGC
bla ACT	ACT-F	ATTCGTATGCTGGATCTCGCCACC	50	396	[31]
	ACT-R	CATGACCCAGTTCGCCATATCCTG
bla FOX	FOX-F	CACCACGAGAATAACC	50	1184	[31]
	FOX-R	GCCTTGAACTCGACCG
bla KPC	KPC-F	TGTCACTGTATCGCCGTCTAG	50	880	[26]
	KPC-R	TTACTGCCCGTTGACGCCCAATCC
bla GES	GES-F	ATGCGCTTCATTCACGCAC	56	591	[41]
	GES-R	CTATTTGTCCGTGCTCAGG
bla IMI	IMI-F	ATGTCATTAGGTGATATGGC	50	879	[32]
	IMI-R	GCATAATCATTTGCCGTACC
bla IMP	IMP-F	GGAATAGAGTGGCTTAATTCTC	50	624	[32]
	IMP-R	CCAAACCACTACGTTATC
bla VIM	VIM-F	GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATA	50	390	[33]
	VIM-R	CGAATGCGCAGCACCAG
bla GIM	GIM-F	TCGACACACCTTGGTCTGAA	56	477	[42]
	GIM-R	AACTTCCAACTTTGCCATGC
bla SPM	SPM-F	AAATCTGGGTACGCAAACG	56	270	[22]
	SPM-R	AGATTATCGGCTGGAACAGG
bla SIM	SIM-F	TACAAGGGATTCGGCATCG	56	570	[42]
	SIM-R	TAATGGCCTGTTCCCATGTG
bla NDM-1	NDM-F	TGCCCAATATTATGCACCCGG	60	621	[25]
	NDM-R	CGAAACCCGGCATGTCGAGA
bla OXA-48	48-F	TTGGTGGCATCGATTATCGG	56	743	[34]
	48-R	GAGCACTTCTTTTGTGATGGC