Table 5. Identification of relevant canonical pathways affected by albumen removal by grouping of the differential expressed proteins through the use of Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).

	Molecules	B-H P-value	Ratio
Ingenuity canonical pathways
TCA cycle II	ACO2, DLD, MDH1	3.55E-04	3/41
Gluconeogenesis I	ENO1, FBP1, MDH1	3.55E-04	3/48
Glucocorticoid receptor signaling	PCK2, SMAD3, HSPA9, HSPA2	2.57E-03	4/299
Valine Degradation I	HIBADH, DLD	8.13E-03	2/35
Glycolysis I	ENO1, FBP1	8.51E-03	2/41
Superpathway of Methionine Degradation	DLD, CTH	1.82E-02	2/64
TR/RXR Activation	ENO1, GLUT1	2.88E-02	2/109
FXR/RXR Activation	PCK2, FBP1	2.88E-02	2/110
L-cysteine degradation II	CTH	2.88E-02	1/5
Glutamate Biosynthesis/Degradation X	GLUD1	2.95E-02	1/7
Pyruvate Fermentation to Lactate	LDHB	2.95E-02	1/9

IPA-analysis (www.ingenuity.com) was used to identify key biological pathways comprising the differentially identified proteins after prenatal protein undernutrition by albumen removal in chicken. The significance of the canonical pathways was tested by the stringent Benjamini-Hochberg (B-H) multiple testing correction method. The ratio indicates the number of differential proteins in a given pathway divided by the total number of molecules that make up that pathway. The following proteins, annotated with their gene names, are included in the canonical pathways. Abbreviations: ACO2 (Aconitate hydratase); CTH (Cystathionine gamma-lyase); DLD (Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase); ENO1 (Alpha-enolase); FBP1 (Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1); GLUD1 (Glutamate dehydrogenase 1); GLUT1 (Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1); HIBADH (3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase); HSPA2 (Heat shock 70 kDa protein); HSPA9 (Stress-70 protein, mitochondrial precursor); LDHB (L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain); MDH1 (Malate dehydrogenase); PCK2 (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase); SMAD3 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3).