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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Invest Dermatol. 2013 Dec 10;134(5):1446–1455. doi: 10.1038/jid.2013.532

Figure 5. Accelerated migration of GM3S depletion requires IGF-1R activation.

Figure 5

(a) KCs were transiently transfected with IR shRNA-expressing lentivirus. (b) Cells treated with AG538 (inactivates IGF-1R and not IR) or DMSO vehicle. (c) WT cells treated 24–72 h before scratching and beyond with various inhibitors or controls. By 24h after the scratch, **p<0.01, WT vehicle and WT+Ctrl sh vs. WT+LY and WT+AG538+IR sh; by 36 h, **p<0.01, WT controls vs. WT+AG538+IR sh (with or without GM3 or glucose) and *p<0.05, WT controls vs. WT IR sh, WT+AG538, WTG, and WT+GM3; by 48h, **p<0.01, WT+AG538 or WT+IR sh vs. WT+LY, WT+GM3, WTG, or WT+AG538+IR sh (with or without GM3 or glucose). (d) GM3S−/− KCs were treated as indicated. By 24h after scratch, ***p<0.001, GM3S−/− (±glucose) vs. GM3S−/−+ other inhibitors and *p<0.05, GM3S−/− (±glucose) vs. GM3S−/−+IR sh. (e) By 24h after scratching, ***p<0.001, GM3S−/− G vs. GM3S−/− G+AG538, +LY, +AG538+IR sh with or without GM3, and +GM3; **p<0.01, GM3S−/− G+IR sh vs. GM3S−/− G+other inhibitors; *p<0.05, GM3S−/− G vs. GM3S−/− G+IR sh. By 48h, *p<0.05 for GM3S−/− G+AG538 vs. other highly suppressive inhibitors. AG538=IGF-1R inhibitor; G=12 mM glucose supplementation; IR sh=IR shRNA; LY=LY294002, inhibits PI3K. All studies performed ≥3 times; data are means±S.D.