Table 1.
Patient Characteristics According to Good and Poor Neurologic Function at ICU Discharge
| Characteristic | Good Neurologic Outcome (n=57) | Poor Neurologic Outcome (n=84) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 53 ± 14 | 60 ± 15 | 0.005 |
| Men, n (%) | 41 (72%) | 51 (61%) | 0.17 |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Coronary artery disease | 16 (28%) | 32 (38%) | 0.22 |
| Hypertension | 27 (47%) | 43 (51%) | 0.66 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (1.8%) | 10 (11.9%) | 0.027 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5 (8.8%) | 15 (17.9%) | 0.13 |
| CPC prior to arrest, n (%) | 0.36 | ||
| CPC 1 | 55 (96.5%) | 81 (98.8%) | |
| CPC 2 | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.2) | |
| CPC 3, 4, or 5 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Arrest site, n (%) | 0.89 | ||
| Out of hospital | 46 (81%) | 67 (80%) | |
| In hospital | 11 (19%) | 17 (20%) | |
| Arrest witnessed, n (%) | 52 (91.2%) | 68 (81.0%) | 0.093 |
| Time to medical personnel CPR, min | 8.2 ± 5.9 | 12.0 ± 9.6 | 0.059 |
| Initial rhythm of arrest, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| VF/VT | 47 (85.5%) | 40 (49.4%) | |
| PEA | 6 (10.9%) | 23 (28.4%) | |
| Asystole | 2 (3.6%) | 18 (22.2%) | |
| Time from arrest to return of spontaneous circulation, min | 14.3 ± 9.4 | 30.1 ± 19.9 | <0.001 |
| Time from arrest to hypothermia initiation, min | 240 ± 141 | 250 ± 169 | 0.89 |
| Time from arrest to target temperature, min | 509 ± 202 | 416 ± 223 | 0.02 |
| Initial temperature, °C | 36.5 ± 1.1 | 36.1 ± 1.3 | 0.18 |
| ICU length of stay, days | 8.5 ± 7.0 | 4.5 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| CPC at ICU discharge | <0.001 | ||
| CPC 1 | 39 (68.4) | 0 (0) | |
| CPC 2 | 18 (31.6) | 0 (0) | |
| CPC 3 | 0 (0) | 5 (6.0) | |
| CPC 4 | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | |
| CPC 5 (died in ICU) | 0 (0) | 77 (91.7) | |
| Cause of death/withdrawal, n (%) | |||
| Neurologic futility | 0 (0) | 58 (69.0) | |
| Circulatory collapse | 0 (0) | 8 (9.5) | |
| Multi-organ failure | 0 (0) | 6 (7.1) | |
| Undetermined | 0 (0) | 5 (6.0) | |
| Time to follow-up, months* | 3.7 ± 3.4 | 3.4 ± 4.0 | 0.86 |
| CPC at follow-up† | <0.001 | ||
| CPC 1 | 50 (92.6) | 1 (1.2) | |
| CPC 2 | 1 (1.9) | 3 (3.6) | |
| CPC 3 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| CPC 4 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| CPC 5 (died in ICU or by follow-up) | 4 (7.4) | 80 (95.2) |
*
among subjects that survived to hospital discharge.
†
two subjects were lost to follow-up, both of whom were discharged with a CPC score of 1. Data are presented as mean +/− standard deviation or number (percent). ICU, intensive care unit; CPC, cerebral performance category; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia; PEA, pulseless electrical activity.