Table 1.

Pain and Discomfort Scale (PADS) items used

Circle one score (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or NA for each of the items listed)
0 = Not present
1 = Difficult to detect or only occurs once or twice during assessment
2 = Occurs infrequently during assessment and is easy to detect
3 = Occurs frequently during assessment and is easy to detect
4 = Occurs almost continuously during assessment and is easy to detect
NA = Not assessed
Facial Expression
Grimace	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Furrowed brow	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Change in eyes (eyes closed tight)	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Mouth open	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Lips pucker tight	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Pout	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Quiver	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Clenches teeth	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Body and Limbs
Protects	0	1	2	3	4	NA
Flinches	0	1	2	3	4	NA