Fig. 1.
Panel A shows the anatomical area of interest, i.e. the ventral-striatum (VS) including nucleus caudate (CAU), putamen (PUT) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The right hemisphere is indicated by an “R”. Panel B is a 3-D representation of the striatum showing the peak-voxels by means of coloured dots of each single study on reward anticipation in ADHD. Panel C shows the data and results of the meta-analysis including a forest plot of effect sizes for VS-responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD. The diamond symbol represents the pooled estimate across all studies and indicates a medium effect (ES = 0.48; P < 0.001) in terms of VS-hyporesponsiveness in ADHD. Notes: aEffect size estimates were set to zero because these studies did not find significant VS effects and therefore did not report exact t/P-values. bThe averaged effect-size was calculated from the separate effect-size estimates (ES = 0 for ADHD-combined type; ES = 1.126 for ADHD-inattentive type). Panel B was visualized with the BrainNet Viewer (http://www.nitrc.org/projects/bnv/).