Table 1.
FMRI studies focusing on reward processing and impulsivity-related traits in healthy subjects.
| Study | Sample characteristics |
N | Sex | Impulsivity assaya | Paradigm | Finding in VS | Reward phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beaver et al. (2006) | Adults (22.0 ± 8.1) | 14 | M/F | BAS | Food rewards | Positively correlated | Anticipationb |
| Hahn et al. (2009) | Adults (29.4 ± 7.6) | 24 | M/F | SPSRQ | MID | Positively correlated | Anticipation |
| Simon et al. (2010) | Adults (24.8 ± 3.2) | 24 | M/F | BAS | MID | Positively correlated | Receiptc |
| Cohen et al. (2005) | Not reported | 17 | Not reported | Extraversion | Gambling task | Positively correlated | Receiptc |
| Abler et al. (2006) | Adults (22–36) | 11 | M | SSS/NS | MID | Positively correlated | Anticipation |
| Forbes et al. (2009) | Adults (43.8 ± 6.5) | 89 | M/F | BIS | Card guessing | Positively correlated | Receiptd |
| Hariri et al. (2006) | Adults (43.5 + 6.5) | 45 | DD | Card guessing | Positively correlated | Receiptd | |
| Galvan et al. (2007) | Adults (25.3); adolescents (16.0); children (9.8) | 12/12/13 | M/F | BRPM | MID | Positively correlated | Anticipation |
| Cservenka et al. (2013) | Adolescents (age not reported) | 94 | M/F | SSS | WOF | No correlation | Anticipation |
| Bjork et al. (2008) | Adolescentse (13.8 ± 0.4) | 13 | M/F | SSS | MID | Positively correlated | Anticipation |
| Hoogman et al. (2011) | Adults (38.0 ± 11.2)e | 49 | M/F | DD | MID | Positively correlated | Anticipation |
| Yau et al. (2012) | Adults (20.1 ± 1.3)e | 20 | M/F | YSR-E | MID | Negatively correlated | Anticipation |
a
BAS: behavioural apporach system; SPSRQ: Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire; SSS/NS: Sensation Seeking Scale/Novelty Seeking; BIS: Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; DD: delay discounting; BRPM: Benthin Risk Perception Measure; YSR-E: Youth Self-Report (externalizing behaviour); WOF: wheel of fortune task.
b
Passive viewing of food cues.
c
No correlation found during anticipation.
d
Paradigm does not include an anticipation phase.
e
Representing a healthy control group in a study with a clinical group.