Table 2.
Indicators, assessment scores, and importance of indicators for assessing the efficiency of strategies toward ecologically sustainable soil sealing management (ES, Ecosystem service)
| Indicator | Indicator assessment score IS (between 1 and 9) | Weighting factor W
I
Munich (N = 13) |
Weighting factor W
I
Leipzig (N = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Securing, improvement and development of habitats for flora and fauna |
9: Protection of ES by securing green areas or soils/by reducing sealing is clearly stated as target interlinked with benefits derived by protection/reduction (e.g., reducing further sealing to protect habitats for flora and fauna and to improve contact to nature for residents) 7: Importance of ES/function is mentioned but not directly linked to targets such as reduction of further sealing/protection of green/soils (e.g., green areas are important for flora and fauna; sealed surface increase urban heating) 4: Protection/importance of aspects related to ES/functions are mentioned but they are not directly linked to benefits/harm by green areas/soils or sealing (e.g., measures for climate adaptation have to implemented, such measures could also integrate technical solutions) 1: ES not mentioned |
6.85 | 7.00 |
| Improving surface water run-off | 7.08 | 8.13 | |
| Improving climate adaptation (decrease heat emission, increase carbon binding) | 7.23 | 7.75 | |
| Improving private recreational areas (gardens, courtyards) | 6.69 | 7.19 | |
| Improving public green areas (more managed areas such as parks) | 6.69 | 6.44 | |
| Improving recreational areas (less managed, e.g., forests, landscape parks) | 6.62 | 6.44 | |
| Protection of agricultural areas for food production | 5.54 | 7.00 | |
| Protection of ecologically valuable fertile soils and their functions | 7.00 | 7.44 | |
| Reducing motorized private transport |
9: Demand for reduction of private motorized transport/development of public transport is mentioned related to the reduction of sealing/protection of green/soils (e.g., the development of public transport is crucial to promote urban internal development) 7: Demand for reduction of motorized private transport/development of public transport is mentioned but not interlinked to targets for reducing sealing/protection of green/soils (e.g., further transport areas increase sealing) 4: Demand for reduction of impacts by motorized private transport/development of public transport are mentioned but not linked to reducing sealing/protecting green areas (e.g., a decrease in motorized traffic reduces the air and noise pollution) 1: Demand for reduction of motorized private transport/development of public transport is not mentioned |
6.54 | 7.50 |
| Spatial strategic overview | 9: supra-regional view; 7: regional view; 4: city view; 1: less than city view/no spatial view | 6.85 | 6.19 |
| Temporal hypermetropia | 9: >20 years; 7: 20–11 years; 5: 10–6 years; 3: 5–1 year; 1: no temporal course mentioned; 9: Integration ecological aspects before project implementation; 5: Integration ecological aspects during project implementation; 1: Integration ecological aspects after project implementation | 6.46 | 7.31 |
| Priority setting: Obligation for considering ecological aspects/reducing sealing or possibility of consideration | 9: Reduction of further sealing/integration of ecological aspects is obligatory; 5: Reduction of further sealing/integration of ecological aspects is demanded but not binding as part of a weighing-up process with other aspects; 1: Ecological aspects are not mentioned at all | 6.62 | 7.50 |