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. 2014 Apr 10;5:170. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00170

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Copyright © 2014 Shimizu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A schematic model of the trans-translation system. A complex comprised of Ala-tmRNA, SmpB, EF-Tu, and GTP enters the A site of the stalled ribosome and receives the nascent polypeptide from the peptidyl-tRNA in the ribosomal P site. The template is then switched to the ORF region of tmRNA and the SsrA tag is synthesized and attached to the C-terminus of the nascent polypeptide. Translation ceases at the termination codon in the ORF region of tmRNA and the ribosome is rescued. The SsrA-tagged nascent polypeptide is identified by the proteolysis system and degraded.