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. 2014 Apr 10;5:170. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00170

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Copyright © 2014 Shimizu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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A schematic comparison of the normal sense codon decoding (upper panel) and tmRNA entry (lower panel) processes. In the first stage (initial selection) of the normal sense codon decoding process, the codon–anticodon interaction stimulates GTP hydrolysis and induces a conformational change of EF-Tu. By contrast, the SmpB-ribosome interaction may stimulate GTP hydrolysis of EF-Tu in the tmRNA entry process. In the second stage (proofreading) of the processes, aminoacyl-tRNA is accommodated at the A site of the ribosome according to the codon–anticodon interaction, whereas the tmRNA/SmpB complex is accommodated at the A site presumably according to an interaction between SmpB and the ribosome.