Table 2.

Multiple liner regression models for determinants of self-rated health score of the elderly.

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	β	Std β	β	Std β	β	Std β	β	Std β
Social demographic variables
Gender	−0.972	− 0.031	0.111	0.004	− 0.419	−0.014	− 0.834	− 0.027
Age	−0.402*	− 0.187*	− 0.247*	− 0.115*	− 0.146*	−0.068*	− 0.076	− 0.036
Residence	1.838	0.053	1.930	0.056	1.123	0.033	1.330	0.039
Family income (per capita per year)	0.000	0.039	0.000	0.029	0.000	−0.002	0.000	− 0.005
Marital status (with reference to widow/widower)
Single	3.278	0.038	3.315	0.039	3.160	0.036	3.466	0.040
Married	−0.909	− 0.025	− 0.193	− 0.005	0.517	0.014	0.680	0.019
Education (with reference to illiteracy)
Elementary school	0.081	0.002	− 0.251	− 0.008	0.955	0.029	− 0.048	− 0.001
Junior middle school	0.984	0.030	1.367	0.042	0.982	0.030	0.309	0.009
Senior middle school and above	1.517	0.031	1.098	0.023	1.070	0.022	0.011	0.000
Employment (with reference to employed)
Retired	−3.864	− 0.114	− 4.466	− 0.134	− 4.260*	−0.127*	− 3.512	− 0.105
Jobless	−2.572	− 0.082	− 3.411*	− 0.109*	− 3.164*	−0.101*	− 2.483	− 0.079
Health insurance (with reference to free medicare for civil servants)
Urban employe insurance	−4.688*	− 0.093*	− 4.565*	− 0.091*	− 3.746*	−0.074*	− 3.869*	− 0.076*
New rural cooperative medical system	−3.272	− 0.097	− 2.569	− 0.077	− 4.459*	−0.134*	− 4.964*	− 0.149*
None	−4.814	− 0.055	− 3.883	− 0.042	− 7.484*	−0.081*	− 7.249*	− 0.079*
Health behaviora
Smoke (with reference to never smoker)
Current smoker			1.598	0.044	− 0.394	−0.011	− 0.738	− 0.020
Former smoker			− 5.800*	− 0.087*	− 5.072*	−0.075*	− 4.865*	− 0.072*
Drinking frequency			− 1.637*	− 0.084*	− 1.067	−0.055	− 0.875	− 0.045
Physical exercise weekly			3.613*	0.211*	2.206*	0.129*	1.387*	0.081*
Physical examination test in the past 24 months			0.138	0.004	− 0.975	−0.032	− 0.684	− 0.022
Health statusb
Severity of 2-week sickness					− 3.633*	−0.260*	− 3.533*	− 0.253*
Number of chronic diseases					− 2.838*	−0.165*	− 2.630*	− 0.153*
Have been hospitalized					5.652*	0.130*	4.999*	0.115*
Degree of self-perceived anxiety or depression					− 11.759*	−0.175*	− 2.773	− 0.041
Physical functional statusc
Walking ability							1.177	0.033
Ability of self-care (washing and dressing)							− 7.671*	− 0.189*
Ability of taking usual activities (working/reading or doing housework)							− 3.911	− 0.115
Severity of pain or discomfort							− 0.910	− 0.020
R2	0.058		0.111		0.322		0.369
Adjusted R2	0.044		0.093		0.304		0.350

All models’ ANOVA tests have P values <0.001, *P < 0.05.There exists no collinearity between all variables of health behaviors

^a(variance inflation factor, VIF < 1.4, tolerance, TOL > 0.7), health status

^b(VIF < 1.2, TOL > 0.8), and physical functional status

^c(VIF < 5, TOL > 0.2).