Table 1.
Markers used to identify normal colonic stem cells and colonic cancer stem-like cells
| Marker | Function | |
| Normal stem cell | Integrin-β1 (CD29) | Cell surface receptor - cell adhesion molecule |
| Hes-1 | Transcriptional repressor - transactivated by Msi-1 | |
| Msi-1 | RNA binding protein - maintenance of undifferentiated state | |
| Bmi-1 | Polycomb receptor - maintenance of chromatin silencing | |
| Lgr-5 | Wnt target gene - potential of self renewal | |
| ALDH-1 | Detoxifying enzyme | |
| DCAMKL-1 | Kinase - radioresistance abilities | |
| TERT | Quiescent stem cells and radio resistant | |
| Ascl-2 | Transcription factor - target of Wnt and Notch pathways | |
| Cancer stem-like cell | CD133 | Pentaspan transmembrane glycoprotein |
| CD44 | Hyaluronic acid receptor | |
| CD166 | Cell adhesion molecule | |
| ALDH1 | Enzyme | |
| 4-Oct | POU-domain transcription factor | |
| SOX2 | Transcription factor | |
| c-Myc | Transcription factor | |
| Integrin-β1 (CD29) | Cell surface receptor-cell adhesion molecule |