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. 2013 Jan;5(1):5–16.

Table 3. Immunological effects of opioids.

Receptor Effects
µ ↓ NK cell activity
↓ Macrophage activities
↓T-cell proliferation, NO release
Δ ↑ NK cell activity
↓ Plaque-forming cell
δ, antagonists ↓ Delayed hypersensitivity reaction
Κ ↓ Humoral immunity
κ antagonists ↑ Plaque-forming cell
↓ Humoral immunity