Table 3.
Multilevel Models for the Influence of IPV and Physical maltreatment by a parent on Depressive Symptoms (N = 1,273 subjects, 4,363 observations).
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | SE | Coefficient | SE | |
| Time Varying Variablesa | ||||
| Intercept | 1.556*** | (.125) | 1.547*** | (.126) |
| Intimate Partner Violence | ||||
| IPV Type | ||||
| Mutual violence | .065** | (.021) | .082** | (.026) |
| Victimization only | .076*** | (.023) | .097*** | (.027) |
| Perpetration only | .051 | (.032) | .098** | (.038) |
| IPV×physical maltreatment by a parent | ||||
| Mutual violence | −.058 | (.045) | ||
| Victimization only | −.082 | (.052) | ||
| Perpetration only | −.160* | (.069) | ||
| Romantic Context | ||||
| Relationship Type | ||||
| Dating | .014 | (.020) | .014 | (.020) |
| Cohabiting | −.019 | (.035) | −.021 | (.035) |
| Married | .018 | (.055) | −.015 | (.055) |
| Current Relationship | −.012 | (.016) | −.012 | (.016) |
| Time-Varying Controls | ||||
| Gainful activity | −.079*** | (.018) | −.079*** | (.018) |
| Social support from peers | −.005 | (.012) | −.004 | (.012) |
| Receipt of public assistance | .034* | (.016) | .035* | (.016) |
| Delinquency | .098*** | (.014) | .099*** | (.014) |
| Self-esteem | −.129*** | (.013) | −.129*** | (.013) |
| Age (12 – 16 yrs.) | .013* | (.006) | .013* | (.006) |
| Age (17 – 24 yrs.) | −.019* | (.008) | −.019* | (.008) |
| Time Stable Variables | ||||
| Non-IPV Victimization | ||||
| Physical maltreatment by a parent | .065** | (.021) | .085** | (.031) |
| Physical assault by peers | .048* | (.019) | .048* | (.019) |
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Female | .118*** | (.021) | .118*** | (.031) |
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||
| Black | .018 | (.024) | .017 | (.024) |
| Hispanic | −.005 | (.030) | −.005 | (.030) |
| Mother’s Education | ||||
| Less than 12 years | −.020 | (.031) | −.019 | (.030) |
| More than 12 years | .033 | (.019) | .035 | (.019) |
| Family Structure | ||||
| Single parent | −.009 | (.023) | −.009 | (.023) |
| Step-parent | .052* | (.025) | .052* | (.025) |
| Other living arrangement | −.029 | (.042) | −.027 | (.042) |
| Likelihood χ2 | 563.12*** | 563.91*** | ||
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001
Note: Referents are no IPV, non-daters, white, high school graduate, two biological parents. Numbers in parentheses are standard errors.
a
Between-subject predictors using the individual means for each time-varying variable are included in the model, but not shown.