Table 1.
Oxidative stress biomarkers in primary open-angle glaucoma
| Reference | Biomarker | Sample | Levels in POAG |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ames et al19 | AOXT | Dietary antioxidants | ↓ |
| Zanón-Moreno et al23 | MDA | Aqueous humor | ↑ |
| AOXT | Aqueous humor | ↓ | |
| Galbis-Estrada et al51 | IL-6 | Human tears | ↑ |
| TNF-a | Human tears | ↑ | |
| Huang et al55 | CASPASES 8, 9 | Rat retinal lysates and retinal whole mounts | ↑ |
| PARP 1 | Rat retinal lysates and retinal whole mounts and cross-sections | ↑ | |
| Pinazo-Durán et al56 | MDA | Aqueous humor | ↑ |
| AOXT | Aqueous humor | ↓ | |
| CASPASE 3 | Aqueous humor | ↑ | |
| PARP 1 | Aqueous humor | ↑ | |
| Saccá and Izzotti57 | NO | Human trabecular meshwork | ↑ |
| Endothelin 1 | Aqueous humor | ↓ | |
| Tezel et al58 | GAPDH | Retinal lysates | ↑ |
| HSP72 | Retinal lysates | ↑ | |
| Glutamine synthetase | Retinal lysates | ↑ | |
| Pinazo-Durán et al59 | MDA | Aqueous humor | ↑ |
| AOXT | Aqueous humor | ↓ | |
| SOD | Aqueous humor | ↑ | |
| Bazán et al60 | NPD 1 | ARPE 19 cells | ↓ |
| Galbis-Estrada et al77 | MDA | Rat retinal cross-sections, and lysates | ↑ |
| AOXT | Rat retinal cross-sections and lysates | ↓ | |
| GSH | Rat retinal cross-sections and lysates | ↓ | |
| Zanón-Moreno et al102 | Vitamin E | Serum | ↓ |
| Vitamin C | Serum | ↓ | |
| GSH Px | Serum | ↓ |
Abbreviations: AOXT, total antioxidant activity; MDA, malondyaldehyde; IL-6, Interleukin-6; TNF-a, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; PARP-1, poly adenyl rybose polymerase-1; CS 3, caspase 3; NO, nitric oxide; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HSP72, heat shock protein 72; GSH, glutathione; SOD, superoxide dismutase; NPD 1, 10,17S-docosatriene; GSH Px, glutathione peroxidase.