Table 3.
Laboratory values
| Reference Values for healthy individuals unless otherwise noted |
Total (n=2458) |
Female (n=1931) |
Male (n=527) |
p* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipids | |||||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dla | <200 (“Desirable”) | 184(159,210) | 188(163,214) | 170(145,198) | <.0001 |
| LDL, mg/dlb | <130 (“Optimal/near optimal”) | 108(86,131) | 111(89,132) | 99(77,123) | <.0001 |
| HDL, mg/dla | <40 (“Low”), ≥60 (“High”) | 43(37,51) | 45(38,53) | 37(32,42) | <.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dlc | <150 | 139(101,193) | 136.5(99,190) | 149(110,210) | <.001 |
| Lipid lowering medicationd, n (%) | 735(30.7) | 512(27.2) | 223(43.1) | <.0001 | |
| Diabetes-related parameters | |||||
| Hemoglobin A1C, %e | <5.7% | 5.6(5.2,6.3) | 5.5(5.2,6.1) | 5.8(5.3,6.8) | <.0001 |
| Glucose, mg/dlf | <110 | 98(89,114) | 97(89,112) | 102(92,125) | <.0001 |
| Insulin, uU/mlg | 3-17 | 19.6(13.1,30.0) | 18.3(12.4,28.0) | 24.9(16.3,36.7) | <.0001 |
| Proinsulin, pmoL/Lh | 6.4-9.4 | 21.5(13.0,38.7) | 19.7(12.5,34.4) | 32.3(17.3,56.0) | <.0001 |
| C-peptide, ng/mlf | 0.5-3.0 | 3.8(2.9,4.9) | 3.7(2.8,4.8) | 4.2(3.3,5.4) | <.0001 |
| Diabetes medicationi, n (%) | 760(31.5) | 546(28.8) | 214(41.3) | <.0001 | |
| Inflammatory marker | |||||
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, mg/Lg | ≤3.0 mg/L (“Low” or “Average”) |
7.2(4.0,13.2) | 7.7(4.4,14.3) | 5.8(2.9,9.1) | <.0001 |
| Kidney function | |||||
| eGFR, mL/minj | 90-120 | 92.0 (77.0, 109.0) | 93.0 (78.0, 111.0) | 87.0 (72.0, 104.0) | <.0001 |
| Liver function | |||||
| ALT, U/Lk | 13-50 (Female), 17-65 (Male) | 28(21,41) | 26(20,38) | 37(27,55) | <.0001 |
| AST, U/Lk | 14-46 (Female), 15-65 (Male) | 27(22,35) | 26(21,34) | 31(25,41) | <.0001 |
| Hormones | |||||
| Ghrelin, pg/mll | 395.08±125.40m | 714.7(601.7,872.9) | 741.0(627.6,909.0) | 634.6(545.5,746.8) | <.0001 |
| Leptin, ng/mll | 7.4±3.7m (lean women) 3.8±1.8m(lean men) |
56.6(42.6,73.6) | 61.4(47.8,77.8) | 40.0(27.7,54.0) | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: mg, milligrams; dl, deciliter; uU=microunits; ml, milliliters; pmol, picomoles; L, liter; mL, milliliters; min, minute; U, units; pg, picograms; ng, nanograms
LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; eGFR, estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase
Values are expressed as median (quartiles) unless otherwise noted.
*
Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
a
121 missing
b
450 missing
c
460 missing
d
46 missing
e
123 missing
f
461 missing
g
457 missing
h
480 missing
i
60 missing
j
117 missing
k
22 missing
l
481 missing
m
Mean+standard deviation