Table 2. Treatment and outcomes according to HIV infection status.
| HIV negative (%) | HIV positive (%) | p | |
| VL therapy | |||
| Pentavalent antimony | 11/44 (25) | 1/46 (2) | 0.00 |
| Deoxycholate amphotericin B | 25/44 (57) | 28/46 (61) | |
| Liposomal amphotericin B | 8/44 (18) | 17/46 (37) | |
| VL therapy switching | 20/44 (45.5) | 11/46 (23.9) | 0.05 |
| Clinical features during VL treatment | |||
| Antibacterial therapy use | 19/44 (43.2) | 21/46 (45.7) | 0.83 |
| Febrile neutropenia episode | 14/44 (32.8) | 15/46 (32.6) | 1.00 |
| Transfusion of blood components | 23/44 (52.3) | 19/46 (41.3) | 0.39 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 9/44 (20.5) | 6/46 (13.0) | 0.40 |
| Mechanical ventilator use | 6/44 (13.6) | 5/46 (10.9) | 0.75 |
| Hemodialysis requirement | 5/44 (11.4) | 4/46 (8.7) | 0.74 |
| Median hospital stay length in days (IR) | 23 (16.3–38.7) | 25 (14.5–49.0) | 0.40 |
| Clinical response at end of therapy | |||
| Fever response | 37/37 (100) | 23/24 (96) | 0.82 |
| Spleen response | 29/34 (85.3) | 20/30 (66.7) | 0.18 |
| Hemoglobin response | 15/40 (37.5) | 4/43 (9.3) | 0.00 |
| Leukocyte response | 29/36 (80.6) | 18/38 (47.4) | 0.01 |
| Platelet response | 27/33 (81.8) | 14/33 (42.4) | 0.00 |
| Outcomes during follow-up | |||
| Death within 30 days | 2/44 (4.5) | 4/46 (8.7) | 0.68 |
| Clinical cure 2 months after treatment | 29/42 (69) | 11/46 (24) | 0.00 |
| Clinical cure 6 months after treatment | 39/43 (91) | 18/45 (40) | 0.00 |
| Relapse in 6 months | 1/40 (2.5) | 14/38 (37) | 0.00 |
VL: visceral leishmaniasis Fever response: the disappearance of fever at the end of treatment Hemoglobin response: patients presenting an increase of 2 g% or more in hemoglobin tax at the end of treatment Leukocyte response: patients presenting an increase of 50% or more in their leukocyte count at the end of treatment Platelet response: patients presenting an increase of 50% or more in their platelet count at the end of treatment Spleen response: a 2 cm or more reduction in spleen size palpation at the end of treatment Clinical cure: no death, recurrence, hepatosplenomegaly or hematological abnormalities IR: 25–75% interquartile range.