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. 2014 Apr 17;9(4):e94307. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094307

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© 2014 Jaramillo et al

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.

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A representative sample (based on INS expression) for each group was analyzed and compared to in-vivo (A) pancreatic development [24] in order to identify which DE pathway modulation(s) lead to better resemblance to pancreatic organogenesis. Similarities can be observed when DE induction is achieved by modulation of (B) FGF2, (C) BMP4, (D) WNT3A and (E) PI3KI while we observed that marker progression greatly differs under BMP4 induction. The different stages of pancreatic development were grouped to represent the 3 stages of the differentiation protocol. Primitive gut endoderm (PGE) and prospective pancreatic endoderm (PPE) represent definitive endoderm induction (light green) pancreatic progenitor (PP) and early endocrine progenitors (EEP) represent pancreatic progenitor induction (medium green) and endocrine progenitors (EP), immature β- cells, mature β- cells (MC) represent the maturation stage (dark green).