Table 1.
Characteristics of prevalent chronic disease cases and non-cases (n=937) from the 2011 Los Angeles Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=947).
| Prevalent Case* | % | Non-Cases | % | P** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Recruitment Method | 368 | 569 | |||
| Total | |||||
| Phone list | 125 | 34.0 | 101 | 17.8 | <0.001 |
| Health center | 243 | 66.0 | 468 | 82.2 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male (men) | 147 | 39.9 | 244 | 42.9 | 0.373 |
| Female (women) | 221 | 60.1 | 325 | 57.1 | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean/median | 46.4/47.0 | 35.1/33.0 | <0.001 | ||
| Range | 18–87 | 18–78 | |||
| Standard deviation | 15.3 | 12.2 | |||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| African-American/Black | 159 | 43.2 | 174 | 30.6 | <0.001 |
| Asian | 26 | 7.1 | 53 | 9.3 | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 94 | 25.5 | 222 | 39.0 | |
| White/Non-Hispanic | 72 | 19.6 | 84 | 14.8 | |
| Native American/Alaska Native | 1 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.5 | |
| Mixed | 15 | 4.1 | 32 | 5.6 | |
| Survey Site | |||||
| Home Visit | 12 | 3.3 | 1 | 0.2 | 0.003 |
| Health Center A | 96 | 26.1 | 137 | 24.1 | |
| Health Center B | 62 | 16.8 | 123 | 21.6 | |
| Health Center C | 57 | 15.5 | 102 | 17.9 | |
| Health Center D | 80 | 21.7 | 94 | 16.5 | |
| Health Center E | 61 | 16.6 | 112 | 19.7 | |
| Current Smoker | |||||
| Yes | 85 | 23.1 | 113 | 19.9 | 0.235 |
| No | 283 | 76.9 | 456 | 80.1 | |
| Cigarettes Per Day | |||||
| Non-smoker | 283 | 76.9 | 456 | 80.1 | 0.242 |
| <1 | 11 | 3.0 | 17 | 3.0 | |
| 1 | 2 | 0.5 | 11 | 1.9 | |
| 2–5 | 22 | 6.0 | 33 | 5.8 | |
| 6–10 | 28 | 7.6 | 29 | 5.1 | |
| 11–20 | 15 | 4.1 | 18 | 3.2 | |
| >20 | 6 | 1.6 | 3 | 0.5 | |
| Chronic Conditions | |||||
| Diabetes | 82 | 22.2 | - | - | |
| Asthma | 120 | 32.6 | - | - | |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 9 | 2.44 | - | - | |
| Heart Disease | 23 | 6.25 | - | - | |
| Arthritis | 109 | 29.6 | - | - | |
| Liver Disease | 17 | 4.61 | - | - | |
| Hypertension | 184 | 50.0 | - | - | |
| Kidney Disease | 19 | 5.16 | - | - | |
| Cancer | 28 | 7.60 | - | - | |
| Comorbid | 146 | 39.6 | - | - | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| mean (+/− standard deviation) | 29.9 (6.66) | 27.4 (5.83) | <0.001 | ||
| Waist Circumference (cm) | |||||
| mean (+/− standard deviation) | |||||
| Male (men) | 95.4 (14.2) | 91.8 (12.3) | 0.004 | ||
| Female (women) | 95.7 (14.4) | 87.0 (14.0) | <0.001 | ||
| Waist to Hip Ratio | |||||
| Male (men) | 0.906 (0.070) | 0.887 (0.062) | <0.001 | ||
| Female (women) | 0.872 (0.073) | 0.843 (0.068) | |||
| Waist to Height Ratio | |||||
| Male | 0.550 (0.079) | 0.529 (0.076) | 0.006 | ||
| Female | 0.594 (0.095) | 0.544 (0.089) | |||
*
Prevalent case: Self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease, arthritis, liver disease, hypertension, kidney disease, and/or cancer.
**
P-value reported for χ2 test.
BMI: Body mass index (kg/m2).
Totals exclude missing values. Number of survey participants excluded from this analysis, n=10.