. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Apr 18.

Published in final edited form as: J Parkinsons Dis. 2013 Jan 1;3(3):241–254. doi: 10.3233/JPD-130204

Table 1.

Selected areas for future research

Systems physiology	– The relationship between neuropathology (e.g., dopamine loss) and changes in network physiology
	– The role of microanatomic changes after dopamine loss in generating changes in network physiology
	– The relationship between changes in firing rates, bursting, oscillations, and synchrony
	– The relationship between bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity and changes in network activity
	– The roles of the “patch” and “matrix” components of striatum
	– The role of the “motor” thalamus

Tremor	– The variable response of tremor to dopamine replacement
	– Mechanisms of tremor responsiveness to anticholinergics
	– The efficacy of STN/GPi/VIM DBS for even non-dopa-responsive tremor

DBS	– The clinical similarity between DBS and focal lesions
	– The differential effects of STN DBS and GPi DBS provoking and improving dyskinesias, respectively
	– The correlation between dopa-responsive symptoms and DBS responsive symptoms (except for tremor)

Dyskinesias	– The physiology of being “on” versus “on with dyskinesias”
	– The physiological differences between “diphasic” and “peak-dose” dyskinesias