VEGF164 stimulates endothelial-specific proliferation. A: Example of the endothelial-specific proliferation assay (arrow points to a BrdU-positive endothelial cell). B: Proliferation assays carried out on PE-only, PE/CM cocultures, and PE + VEGF164 cultures. The PE + VEGF164 cultures had significantly higher BrdU labeling indexes than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Blue, DAPI; green, anti-BrdU; pink, isolectin.