|
Foot
|
Tranberg and Karlsson [34]
|
Up to 4.3 mm |
Static weight-bearing position |
|
Maslen and Ackland [35]
|
Mean marker error up to 14.9 mm |
Static weight-bearing position |
|
Shank
|
Gao and Zheng [18]
|
Inter-marker movement up to 9.3 mm |
Level walking |
|
Garling et al. [36]
|
Up to 11 mm |
Step up |
|
Sangeux et al. [32]
|
Up to 7 mm |
Static non-weight-bearing; knee flexion between 0° and 90° |
|
Thigh
|
Gao and Zheng [18]
|
Inter-marker movement up to 19.1 mm |
Level walking |
|
Garling et al. [36]
|
Up to 17 mm |
Step up |
|
Sangeux et al. [32]
|
Up to 22 mm |
Static non-weight-bearing; knee flexion between 0° and 90° |
|
Akbarshahi et al. [38]
|
RMSE up to 29.3 mm around the knee joint |
Functional activity: open-chain knee flexion, hip axial rotation, level walking, step up |
|
Scapula
|
Matsui et al. [33]
|
Mean marker error of about 67 mm |
Arm elevation |
|
Finger
|
Ryu et al. [37]
|
Up to 10.9 mm |
Hand flexion |
|
Back
|
Morl and Blickhan [39]
|
Up to 9.86 mm at lumbar levels L3 and L4 |
Rotated seating: shoulder turned approximately 90° with respect to the pelvis |
|
Heneghan and Balanos [40]
|
Up to 16 mm at thoracic levels (T1, T6, T12) |
35° of axial rotation in a seated upright position |
|
|
Up to 1.5 mm at thoracic levels (T1, T6, T12) |
Single arm elevation in a seated upright position |
|
Trunk
|
This study |
Up to 27.4 mm |
Static sitting position |
