Masking of cell-specific gene expression changes in mixed co-culture. (a) Baseline CXCL3 expression in fibroblasts (blue) is almost 5 times higher than in HT1080 cells (green). Upon co-culture, fibroblast expression of CXCL3 is unchanged (hatched blue), while HT1080 expression is significantly increased (hatched green). Here, upregulation of CXCL3 in HT1080s is clearly observed due to the cell-specific readout. (b) In a mixed co-culture without cell-specific readouts, the average CXCL3 expression (hatched) would not be significantly different from the average of CXCL3 expression in the two monoculture populations (black), and thus the upregulation in HT1080s would not be detected. Samples displaying statistically significant changes (Student’s t-test) are indicated (*** = p < 0.005) and relevant changes that are not significant are denoted (N.S.). Error bars are SEM.