Table 2.
Comparisons between participants and non-participants who responded to the survey
| |
|
Non-participants completing survey |
Crude OR for participating |
Adj OR for participating |
Test for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Participants |
||||
| N = 298 n (%) | N = 183 n (%) | (95% CI) | (Age & sex adj) | p value | |
|
Age at posting invitation |
|
|
|
|
0.07 |
| 60-64 |
113 (37.9) |
59 (32.2) |
1.0 |
|
|
| 65-69 |
104 (34.9) |
59 (32.2) |
0.92 (0.59, 1.44) |
|
|
| 70-75 |
81 (27.2) |
65 (35.5) |
0.65 (0.41, 1.02) |
|
|
|
Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
| Female |
160 (53.7) |
322 (46.7) |
1.0 |
|
0.47 |
| Male |
138 (46.3) |
91 (49.7) |
0.87 (0.60, 1.26) |
|
|
|
Invited as |
|
|
|
|
0.76 |
| Couple |
149 (50.0) |
94 (51.4) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
| Individual |
149 (50.0) |
89 (48.6) |
1.06 (0.73, 1.53) |
1.06 (0.73, 1.54) |
|
|
National quintiles of IMD Rank
1
|
|
|
|
|
0.25 |
| 1 (most deprived) |
2 (0.7) |
2 (1.1) |
0.61 (0.08, 4.35) |
0.70 (0.10, 5.11) |
|
| 2 |
9 (3.0) |
10 (5.5) |
0.54 (0.22, 1.38) |
0.55 (0.22, 1.39) |
|
| 3 |
18 (6.0) |
15 (8.2) |
0.73 (0.35, 1.49) |
0.69 (0.34, 1.43) |
|
| 4 |
51 (17.1) |
24 (13.1) |
1.29 (0.76, 2.19) |
1.28 (0.75, 2.18) |
|
| 5 (least deprived) |
218 (73.2) |
132 (72.1) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
|
Marital status |
|
|
|
|
0.588 |
| Married |
240 (80.8) |
149 (82.8) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
| Widowed |
21 (7.1) |
8 (4.4) |
1.63 (0.70, 3.77) |
1.78 (0.75, 4.25) |
|
| Divorced or Separated |
24 (8.1) |
14 (7.8) |
1.06 (0.53, 2.12) |
1.02 (0.51, 2.04) |
|
| Single |
12 (4.0) |
9 (5.0) |
0.83 (0.34, 2.01) |
0.86 (0.35, 2.10) |
|
|
Retired |
193 (66.8) |
119 (72.1) |
0.78 (0.51, 1.18) |
0.81 (0.52, 1.27) |
0.36 |
|
Occupational pension |
214 (75.6) |
107 (61.9) |
1.91 (1.27, 2.88) |
2.06 (1.35, 3.13) |
0.001 |
|
White ethnicity |
290 (98.6) |
181 (100.0) |
|
|
|
|
Current smoker |
16 (5.5) |
14 (8.0) |
0.67 (0.32, 1.41) |
0.66 (0.31, 1.39) |
0.27 |
|
Body Mass Index
2
|
|
|
|
|
0.10 |
| Overweight or obese (≥25 kg/m2) |
200 (67.1) |
96 (59.6) |
1.38 (0.93, 2.06) |
1.40 (0.93, 2.09) |
|
|
General health |
|
|
|
|
0.32 |
| Very good or good |
260 (88.7) |
150 (85.2) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
|
| Fair |
30 (10.2) |
24 (13.6) |
0.72 (0.41, 1.28) |
0.74 (0.41, 1.31) |
|
| Bad or very bad |
3 (1.0) |
2 (1.1) |
0.87 (0.14, 5.24) |
0.82 (0.13, 5.00) |
|
|
Limiting long-standing illness |
72 (25.4) |
29 (16.8) |
1.69 (1.05, 2.74) |
1.72 (1.05, 2.79) |
0.03 |
|
One or more chronic disease
3
|
207 (69.5) |
107 (58.5) |
1.62 (1.10, 2.37) |
1.68 (1.14, 2.47) |
0.009 |
|
Uses a walking aid
4
|
8 (2.7) |
5 (2.9) |
0.95 (0.31, 2.94) |
0.98 (0.31, 3.07) |
0.97 |
|
Fallen in last year
4
|
48 (16.2) |
38 (21.6) |
0.70 (0.44, 1.12) |
0.66 (0.41, 1.08) |
0.10 |
|
≥ 4 medications a day |
60 (20.4) |
40 (23.0) |
0.86 (0.55, 1.35) |
0.90 (0.56, 1.42) |
0.64 |
|
EQ-5D
5
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Mobility: some problems |
37 (12.6) |
29 (16.4) |
0.73 (0.43, 1.24) |
0.74 (0.43, 1.25) |
0.26 |
| Self-care: some problems |
4 (1.4) |
2 (1.1) |
1.18 (0.21, 6.51) |
1.06 (0.19, 5.88) |
0.95 |
| Usual activities: some problems |
38 (12.8) |
26 (14.7) |
0.85 (0.50, 1.46) |
0.85 (0.49, 1.46) |
0.55 |
| Pain/discomfort: some pain |
120 (41.2) |
58 (33.1) |
1.42 (0.96, 2.09) |
1.43 (0.96, 2.12) |
0.08 |
| Anxiety/Depression: yes |
34 (11.5) |
23 (13.2) |
0.85 (0.48, 1.50) |
0.85 (0.48, 1.51) |
0.58 |
|
General practice physical activity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Questionnaire (GPPAQ)
6
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Inactive |
152 (52.6) |
72 (52.6) |
1.00 |
1.00 |
0.03 |
| Moderately inactive |
35 (12.1) |
22 (12.1) |
0.75 (0.41, 1.38) |
0.71 (0.39, 1.31) |
|
| Moderately active |
55 (19.0) |
32 (19.0) |
0.81 (0.48, 1.37) |
0.78 (0.46, 1.33) |
|
| Active |
47 (16.3) |
39 (16.3) |
0.57 (0.34, 0.95) |
0.55 (0.33, 0.93) |
|
|
Brisk or fast walking pace
6
|
87 (30.3) |
68 (41.5) |
0.61 (0.41, 0.92) |
0.56 (0.37, 0.84) |
0.006 |
|
Reasons for non-participation
7
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Already physically active |
|
101 (67.3) |
|
|
|
| Not enough time |
|
66 (44.0) |
|
|
|
| Not interested to increase PA |
|
37 (24.7) |
|
|
|
| Not able to increase physical activity |
|
32 (21.3) |
|
|
|
| Not wanting to be allocated by chance |
|
20 (13.3) |
|
|
|
| Not interested in research | 12 (8.0) |
1Index of Multiple Deprivation Rank from national quintiles [15].
2Body mass index = weight(kg)/height(m)2 based on measured values for participants and self-reported height and weight for non-participants, height and weight were not available for 22 (13%) non-participants.
3Chronic disease score adapted from self-report checklist of doctor diagnosed chronic medical conditions used in Alameda County Study [17].
4Use of walking aid and number of falls in previous year.
5EQ-5D health outcome measures [18].
6Self-reported physical activity over last 7 days (General Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire; GPPAQ) [4].
7Reasons for non-participation, 6 possible reasons for non-participation in trial, not mutually exclusive (response options yes/no/unsure).
8Test for heterogeneity between groups.