Table I.
Baseline characteristics of non-CABG patients with coronary artery disease in the study population, classified according to the presence of a coronary chronic total occlusion.
| Variable | Non-CTO Group (n = 696 patients) | CTO Group (n = 319 patients) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64 ± 9 | 65 ± 8 | 0.07 |
| Male | 687 (99%) | 318 (100%) | 0.14 |
| Ethnicity | 0.92 | ||
| Caucasian | 504 (72%) | 234 (73%) | |
| Black | 152 (22%) | 67 (21%) | |
| Hispanic | 28 (4%) | 14 (4%) | |
| Other | 12 (2%) | 4 (1%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30 ± 6 | 30 ± 6 | 0.79 |
| Hypertension | 623 (90%) | 281 (88%) | 0.50 |
| Dyslipidemia | 596 (86%) | 280 (88%) | 0.36 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 317 (46%) | 167 (52%) | 0.04 |
| Prior CVA | 78 (11%) | 55 (17%) | 0.008 |
| Prior CHF | 167 (24%) | 106 (33%) | 0.002 |
| Prior MI | 181 (26%) | 125 (39%) | <0.001 |
| Prior PCI | 232 (33%) | 111 (35%) | 0.65 |
| Tobacco Use | |||
| Past | 552 (79%) | 275 (86%) | 0.009 |
| Current | 264 (38%) | 138 (43%) | 0.11 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 98 (14%) | 77 (24%) | <0.001 |
| Family history of early CAD | 176 (25%) | 64 (20%) | 0.07 |
| CKD | 105 (15%) | 55 (17%) | 0.38 |
| Clinical presentation | 0.03 | ||
| Stable angina | 212 (30%) | 118 (37%) | |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 259 (37%) | 102 (32%) | |
| Other | 225 (32%) | 99 (31%) | |
| Ejection fraction (%) | <0.001 | ||
| LVEF ≥ 40% | 551 (82%) | 211 (66%) | |
| LVEF < 40% | 123 (18%) | 107 (34%) | |
| 3-vessel disease | 140 (20%) | 177 (55%) | <0.001 |
| Left Main disease | 73 (10%) | 59 (19%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment chosen | <0.001 | ||
| Medical/No Intervention | 216 (31%) | 61 (19%) | |
| PCI to any vessel | 368 (53%) | 161 (50%) | |
| CABG | 112 (16%) | 97 (30%) | |
| Medications | |||
| Aspirin | 660 (95%) | 316 (99%) | 0.001 |
| Beta-blocker | 635 (91%) | 305 (96%) | 0.01 |
| ACEI/ARB | 506 (73%) | 227 (71%) | 0.61 |
| Statin | 652 (94%) | 307 (96%) | 0.15 |
| Long-acting nitrate | 152 (22%) | 76 (24%) | 0.48 |
| Insulin | 147 (21%) | 78 (24%) | 0.24 |
Data is presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percent).
ACEI=angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB=angiotensin-receptor blocker; BMI=body mass index; CABG=coronary artery bypass graft; CAD=coronary artery disease; CHF=congestive heart failure; CKD=chronic kidney disease; CTO=chronic total occlusion; CVA=cerebrovascular accident; LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction; MI=myocardial infarction; PCI=percutaneous coronary intervention