Table 3.
Characteristics of included RCTs (Part B)
| Study | Intervention in experimental group | Intervention in control group | Duration of therapy | Mean volume (or time) of bleeding (or ulcer) | Methodology | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yang Y 2007 | Attach cotton ball with Yunnan Baiyao to the bleeding region, and Yunnan Baiyao powder 0.5 g t.i.d. through oral administration | Attach cotton ball with Erythromycin Eye Ointment to the bleeding region, and carbazochrome through oral administration | 1 week | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Chen XM 2010 | Cure the primary disease, fasting, anti-infection, nutritional support, blood transfusion if needed, body weight < 1200 g 0.15 g t.i.d., body weight ≥ 1200 g 0.25 g t.i.d. administrated through oral if possible, or through nasal feeding | Cure the primary disease, fasting, anti-infection, nutritional support, blood transfusion if needed, tagamet 0.1 g did through gastric canal, ethamsylate 125 mg i.v. | 2 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Chu XF 2011 | Cimetidine, nutritional support, blood transfusion if needed, Yunnan Baiyao 4 g with physiological saline 200 ml p.o. or through gastric canal | Cimetidine, nutritional support, blood transfusion if needed, lyophilizing thrombin powder 1-2 KU p.o. or through gastric canal | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Li L 2009 | Cure the primary disease, fasting, blood transfusion if needed, gastric lavage, ethamsylate, vit K1 i.v., Yunnan Baiyao 0.25 g and physiological saline 10 mg t.i.d. through nasal feeding | Cure the primary disease, fasting, blood transfusion if needed, gastric lavage, ethamsylate, vit K1 i.v., cimetidine 0.1 g and physiological saline 10 mg t.i.d. through nasal feeding | ≥ 2 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized by drawing lots | Not mentioned |
| Yang QH 2001 | Cure the primary disease, blood transfusion, Yunnan Baiyao 1 g the first time, then 0.5 g t.i.d., after the fecal occult blood turns negative, 0.25 g t.i.d. for 3 days | Cure the primary disease, blood transfusion, famotidine 20 mg i.v. d.i.d. | 3 days | experimental group: 2.0 ± 0.5 d; control group: 3.0 ± 0.5 d | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 4 in control group |
| Chen GH 2006 | Press the cotton ball with 3% iodine tincture to the bleeding region for 2-3 min, sterilize with 75% alcohol around the bleeding region, then attach sterile gauze with Yunnan Baiyao 1 g to the bleeding region | Press the cotton ball with 3% iodine tincture to the bleeding region for 2-3 min, sterilize with 75% alcohol around the bleeding region, then attach the gelfoam and 1-2 sterile gauze to the bleeding region, and take the sterile gauze out after 24 h | Not mentioned | - | Randomized by treatment number | Not mentioned |
| Qu J 2003 | The first two days Mifepristone 50 mg at 8:00 and 25 mg at 20:00 through oral administration; the third day Misoprostol 600 ug at 8:00. After the gestational sac eliminated, Yunnan Baiyao 2 capsules t.i.d. through oral administration. | The first two days Mifepristone 50 mg at 8:00 and 25 mg at 20:00 through oral administration; the third day Misoprostol 600 ug at 8:00. After the gestational sac eliminated, vit K4 8 mg t.i.d. through oral administration. | 9 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Wang GR 2010 | Attach sterile gauze with Yunnan Baiyao 3-5 g to the bleeding region and change dressings every other day | Attach cotton ball with iodophors to the bleeding region and change dressings every other day | Not mentioned | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Chen DH 2011 | Yunnan Baiyao 1 g with 0.9% physiological saline 100 ml by coloclysis | Sulfasalazine 2 g with hydrocortisone 100 mg by coloclysis s.i.d. | 30 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; nausea and vomiting 5, flushing and tachycardia; 3 in control group |
| Deng WM 2010 | To make enema with Yunnan Baiyao 4 g and administer 80-150 ml before sleep after defaecation every night 70-80 drop/min, the enema should be reserved for 4 h | To make enema with physiological saline 150 ml and gentamicin 160000 u and administer 80-150 ml before sleep after defaecation every night 70-80 drop/min, the enema should be reserved for 4 h | mild case: 15 days; severe case: 30 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 3 in experimental group; 3 in control group |
| Li HG 2000 | Yunnan Baiyao 1 g, Amoxicillin 0.5 g, metronidazole 0.2 g q.i.d. for 14 d | Bismuth Potassium Citrate Tablets 0.12 g, Amoxicillin 0.5 g, metronidazole 0.2 g q.i.d. for 14 d | 2 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 2 in experimental group; 5 in control group |
| Zhou Y 2001 | Yunnan Baiyao 500 mg q.i.d., ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. through oral administration | Sucralfate 500 mg q.i.d., ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. through oral administration | 4 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Yang H 1996 | Attach sterile gauze with Yunnan Baiyao to the ulcer region and change dressings every other day | Attach sterile gauze with vaseline to the ulcer region and change dressings every other day | 20 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Yang SJ 2008 | Clean the ulcer surface with physiological saline, attach the Yunnan Baiyao powder to the ulcer and the thickness of the drug should be 1-2 mm t.i.d. for 2 weeks | Clean the ulcer surface with physiological saline, attach sterile gauze with vaseline to the ulcer region and change dressings every other day for 2 weeks | 2 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Gong XH 2005 | Attach cotton ball with Yunnan Baiyao powder to the ulcer region for 30 min b.i.d. | 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and physiological saline douche the ulcer region then attach the cotton ball with iodine glycerol to the ulcer region | 1 week | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Tian S 2010 | Microwave 30-40 W, antibiotics, hemostatics, Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g q.i.d. for 1 week | Microwave 30-40 W, antibiotics, hemostatics | 1 week | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Bian HZ 2008 | Bed rest, blood transfusion, inhibit gastric acid and protect gastric mucosa, hemostatics, norepinephrine or thrombin through oral administration and fasting if severe, Yunnan Baiyao 4 g and physiological saline 60 ml 4-6 times a day | Bed rest, blood transfusion, inhibit gastric acid and protect gastric mucosa, hemostatics, norepinephrine or thrombin through oral administration and fasting if severe | 1 week | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Chen YP 2003 | Fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, cimetidine i.v. Yunnan Baiyao: body weight < 2500 g 0.15 g t.i.d. body weight ≥ 2500 g 0.25 g t.i.d. through oral administration or nasal feeding if necessary, blood transfusion if necessary | Fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, cimetidine i.v., blood transfusion if necessary | ≥ 2 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Chen YP 2008 | Fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, cimetidine i.v. Yunnan Baiyao: body weight < 2500 g 0.15 g t.i.d. body weight ≥ 2500 g 0.25 g t.i.d. through oral administration or nasal feeding if necessary | Fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, cimetidine i.v. | 2 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Chu AL 2010 | Fluid replacement, plasma transfusion, dicynone, vitamin K1, cimetidine, wash the stomach by norepinephrine 2 mg and physiological saline 100 ml, give 5% Yunnan Baiyao suspension 1-2 ml through stomach tube t.i.d. or q.i.d. | Fluid replacement, plasma transfusion, dicynone, vitamin K1, cimetidine, wash the stomach by norepinephrine 2 mg and physiological saline 100 ml | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Dong XF 2009 | Cure the primary disease, omeprazole 40 mg bid i.v., Yunnan Baiyao 4 capsules qid through gastric canal | Cure the primary disease, omeprazole 40 mg bid i.v. | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Dong XJ 2004 | Blood transfusion, fluid replacement, omeprazole 80 mg i.v. the first time then 40 mg s.i.d. i.v. for 3-5 d, batroxobin 1 KU b.i.d. i.v. for 3-5 d, Yunnan Baiyao 0.75 g p.o. 4-6 times per day | Blood transfusion, fluid replacement, omeprazole 80 mg i.v. the first time then 40 mg s.i.d. i.v. for 3-5 d, batroxobin 1 KU b.i.d. i.v. for 3-5 d | 5 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Fan J 2011 | Cure the primary disease, pantoprazole 40 mg i.v. s.i.d., Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g t.i.d. through nasal feeding | Cure the primary disease, pantoprazole 40 mg i.v. s.i.d. | 2 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Ge J 1998 | PPI, H2 receptor blocking pharmacon, ethamsylate, carbenzamine, Yunnan Baiyao powder 4 g with physiological saline 30 ml every 4 hours | PPI, H2 receptor blocking pharmacon, ethamsylate, carbenzamine | 5 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Ge SG 2001 | Fluid replacement, blood transfusion, cimetidine 1 g/d i.v., wash the stomach by norepinephrine 8 mg/dl and physiological saline 100 ml every hour for 4-6 h, Yunnan Baiyao 4 g/d for 2-3 d | Fluid replacement, blood transfusion, cimetidine 1 g/d i.v., wash the stomach by norepinephrine 8 mg/dl and physiological saline 100 ml every hour for 4-6 h | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| He SQ 2011 | Cure the primary disease, omeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. i.v. for 4 d, Yunnan Baiyao powder 4 g q.i.d. for 4 d through stomach tube | Cure the primary disease, omeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. i.v. for 4 d | 4 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Huang HY 2008 | Somatostatin, propranolol dinitrate, protect gastric mucosa, blood transfusion, Yunnan Baiyao 10 pills t.i.d. p.o. | Somatostatin, propranolol dinitrate, protect gastric mucosa, blood transfusion | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 5 in experimental group; 5 in control group (these 10 participants can’t be tolerant of propranolol dinitrate) |
| Li M 2001 | Cure the primary disease, fasting, anti-infection, nutritional support, gastrointestinal decompression, blood transfusion, Vit K1 3 mg i.v. for 1-3 d, ethamsylate 62.5-125 mg and carbenzamine 20-30 mg i.v. b.i.d. for 3-5 d, cimetidine 20-30 mg i.v. b.i.d., Yunnan Baiyao 0.06-0.08 g with physiological saline 5 ml through gastric canal for 2 d | Cure the primary disease, fasting, anti-infection, nutritional support, gastrointestinal decompression, blood transfusion, Vit K1 3 mg i.v. for 1-3 d, ethamsylate 62.5-125 mg and carbenzamine 20-30 mg i.v. b.i.d. for 3-5 d, cimetidine 20-30 mg i.v. b.i.d. | 5 days | experimental group: 1.42 ± 0.52 d; control group: 3.21 ± 0.54 d | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Li ML 2010 | Fluid replacement, anti-infection, blood transfusion if needed, gastrointestinal decompression, general hemostatics, omeprazole 40 mg, physiological saline 100 ml i.v. b.i.d. Yunnan Baiyao powder 0.5 g p.o. or through gastric tube with physiological saline 30 ml t.i.d. | Fluid replacement, anti-infection, blood transfusion if needed, gastrointestinal decompression, general hemostatics, omeprazole 40 mg, physiological saline 100 ml i.v. b.i.d. | ≥ 3 days | experimental group: 2.5 ± 0.8 d; control group: 4.5 ± 1.2 d | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Li QM 2007 | Fasting, fluid replacement, blood transfusion, routine hemostasis, antacid, maintain water-electrolyte balance, nutritional support, cure the primary disease, and Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g q.i.d. p.o. | Fasting, fluid replacement, blood transfusion, routine hemostasis, antacid, maintain Water-Electrolyte Balance, nutritional support, cure the primary disease | 3 days | experimental group: 18.6 ± 11.4 h; control group: 34.5 ± 16.7 h | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Li YM 2009 | Bed rest, blood transfusion, fasting for 1-4 days, pantoprazole sodium 40 mg with 0.9% physiological saline 250 ml i.v. b.i.d. for 5 days, Yunnan Baiyao 1 g t.i.d. p.o. for 5 days | Bed rest, blood transfusion, fasting for 1-4 days, pantoprazole sodium 40 mg with 0.9% physiological saline 250 ml i.v. b.i.d. for 5 days | 5 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Luo Y 2012 | Cure the primary disease, fasting, Vit K1, etamsylate, cimetidine, gastric lavage and blood transfusion if needed, Yunnan Baiyao 0.083 g q.i.d. through gastric canal or p.o. | Cure the primary disease, fasting, Vit K1, etamsylate, cimetidine, gastric lavage and blood transfusion if needed | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Pang Y 2004 | Ranitidine 0.2 g i.v. b.i.d., losec 40 mg i.v. b.i.d., aluminium hydroxide gel 20 mg and Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g through gastric tube q.i.d., blood transfusion if necessary | Ranitidine 0.2 g i.v. b.i.d., losec 40 mg i.v. b.i.d., aluminium hydroxide gel 20 mg through gastric tube q.i.d., blood transfusion if necessary | ≥ 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Shi SY 2011 | Bed rest, fasting, nutritional support, routine treatment for the primary disease, blood transfusion if needed, antacid, maintain water-electrolyte balance, Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g p.o. and thrombin 2000 IU with physiological saline 20 ml every four hours | Bed rest, fasting, nutritional support, routine treatment for the primary disease, blood transfusion if needed, antacid, maintain water-electrolyte balance, thrombin 2000 IU with physiological saline 20 ml every four hours | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Sun YM 2003 | Routine treatment for the primary disease, famotidine 20 mg and physiological saline 250 ml i.v. b.i.d. Yunnan Baiyao powder 0.5 g and physiological saline 20 ml through gastric tube q.i.d. for 5 d at most | Routine treatment for the primary disease, cimetidine 400 mg and physiological saline 250 ml i.v. b.i.d. | Drug withdrawal when 3 days after hemostasis | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Wang CJ 2009 | Routine treatment for the primary disease, cimetidine i.v., Vit K1 i.m., gastric lavage with 1.4% sodium bicarbonate or physiological saline, Yunnan Baiyao 0.1 g with warm water 5 ml by nasal feeding | Routine treatment for the primary disease, cimetidine i.v., Vit K1 i.m., gastric lavage with 1.4% sodium bicarbonate or physiological saline | Drug withdrawal after hemostasis | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 1 in experimental group; 8 in control group |
| Wang WD 1996 | Routine treatment for the primary disease including H2-recetor blockers, ethamsylate; Yunnan Baiyao powder 4 g with physiological saline 30 ml every 4 hours a time for 5 days | Routine treatment for the primary disease including H2-recetor blockers, ethamsylate | 5 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Zhang XR 2005 | Cure the primary disease, fasting, anti-infection, nutritional support, blood transfusion 10 ml/kg if needed, gastrointestinal decompression, Vit K1 10 mg/d i.v. for 3-5 days, Yunnan Baiyao 50 mg with physiological saline 5 ml through gastric tube | Cure the primary disease, fasting, anti-infection, nutritional support, blood transfusion 10 ml/kg if needed, gastrointestinal decompression, Vit K1 10 mg/d i.v. for 3-5 days | 2 days | experimental group: 1.34 ± 0.64 d; control group: 3.23 ± 0.52 d | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Zhong LY 2012 | Esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. i.v., Yunnan Baiyao powder 4 g with physiological saline 20 ml through gastric canal | Esomeprazole 40 mg b.i.d. i.v. | Not mentioned | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhou Y 2006 | Fluid replacement, blood transfusion, fasting, wash the stomach, Losec 40 mg b.i.d. i.v., attach the Yunnan Baiyao 4 g to the bleeding region the first time, then 0.5 g t.i.d. | Fluid replacement, blood transfusion, fasting, wash the stomach, Losec 40 mg b.i.d. i.v. | 5 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhuang DY 2000 | Cure the primary disease, cimetidine, gastric lavage, Yunnan Baiyao 83 mg through nasal feeding tube t.i.d. | Cure the primary disease, cimetidine, gastric lavage | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhang CX 2005 | Intravenous nutrition, fasting for 3 days, Yunnan Baiyao 8 g, norepinephrine 12 mg with physiological saline 200 ml by enema every 12 h | Intravenous nutrition, fasting for 3 days, norepinephrine 12 mg with physiological saline 200 ml by enema every 12 h | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Huang LR 2009 | Press the cotton ball with iodine tincture and Yunnan Baiyao to the bleeding region for 2-3 min, NSAIDs | Press the cotton ball with iodine tincture to the bleeding region for 2-3 min, NSAIDs | 1 day | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 0 in experimental group; 0 in control group |
| Li L 2007 | Apply Yunnan Baiyao powder 3 g to the bleeding region, norlutin 5 mg every 8-12 h a time p.o., after bleeding stopped, norlutin 3.75 mg till 7 days before the next menstrual onset or 20 days after bleeding stopped | Norlutin 5 mg every 8-12 h a time p.o., after bleeding stopped, norlutin 3.75 mg till 7 days before the next menstrual onset or 20 days after bleeding stopped | 20 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhang M 2009 | Apply Yunnan Baiyao powder 1 g to the bleeding region s.i.d. for 3 days | Attach sterile gauze with iodophors to the bleeding region s.i.d. for 3 days | 3 days | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhao X 2008 | Attach cotton ball with Yunnan Baiyao to the bleeding region and change dressings every day for 7 days, Gong Xuening (Chinese herbal drugs) through oral administration for 7 days | Gong Xuening (Chinese herbal drugs) through oral administration for 7 days | 7 days | experimental group: 8.13 ± 2.41 d; control group: 10.31 ± 3.12 d | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhu SZ 2004 | Mifepristone, misoprostol, in 24 h after misoprostol administrated leonurus japonicus houtt. through oral administration, then after misoprostol administration 72 h give Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g t.i.d. for 5 d | Mifepristone, misoprostol, in 24 h after misoprostol administrated leonurus japonicus houtt. through oral administration | 5 days | experimental group: 8.7 ± 4.6 d; control group: 15.7 ± 5.1 d | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhu XP 2010 | Attach cotton ball with iodophors to the ulcer region for 2-3 min, Yunnan Baiyao powder 1 g to the ulcer surface s.i.d, NSAIDs | Attach sterile gauze with iodophors to the ulcer region s.i.d. NSAIDs | 1 day | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Huang ZX 2008 | Yunnan Baiyao 2 pills t.i.d. p.o. and omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. p.o. | Omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d. p.o. | 4 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation unclear, single blind and randomized | Not mentioned |
| Liu M 2010 | Amoxicillin 0.5 g t.i.d., cimetidine 0.2 g t.i.d. and Yunnan Baiyao 3 g b.i.d. | Losec 20 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 0.5 g t.i.d. and cimetidine 0.2 g t.i.d. | 6 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized, follow up for 2 years | Not mentioned |
| Xu XZ 1994 | Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g t.i.d. half an hour before meals, ranitidine 0.15 g b.i.d. | Ranitidine 0.15 g b.i.d. | 4 weeks | - | Allocation arranged by registration order, blinding unclear | Slight dizzy, dry mouth, skin rash and constipation in both groups |
| Chen X 2009 | Yunnan Baiyao Enema (Yunnan Baiyao 4-6 g/d, metronidazole 0.4 g, dexamethasone 5-10 mg/d) by coloclysis s.i.d., SASP 4-6 g/d p.o. | Common Enema (metronidazole 0.4 g, dexamethasone 5-10 mg/d) by coloclysis s.i.d., SASP 4-6 g/d p.o. | > 4 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Asthenia, dizzy, nausea, increasing abdominal pain, skin rash, leukopenia and transaminase increasing |
| Du KT 2011 | Sulfasalazine 1 g q.i.d. p.o., Yunnan Baiyao 0.5 g t.i.d. p.o. | Sulfasalazine 1 g q.i.d. p.o. | 8 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |
| Zhang LL 2010 | Mesalazine 1.0 g t.i.d. p.o., 0.9% physiological saline 100 ml with Yunnan Baiyao powder 2.0 g by coloclysis s.i.d. at 21 o’clock after defecation and retention enema for 1-2 hours | Mesalazine 1.0 g t.i.d. p.o. | 3 weeks | - | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | 2 in experimental group; 4 in control group. All of these were abdominal discomfort |
| Zhao GM 2011 | Ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. p.o., Yunnan Baiyao 500 mg t.i.d. 0.5 h before meals | Ranitidine 150 mg b.i.d. p.o. | 30 days | experimental group: 3.56 ± 0.23 d; control group: 7.25 ± 0.56 d | Concealment of allocation and blinding unclear, randomized | Not mentioned |