. 2013 Jul 5;108(9):1579–1589. doi: 10.1111/add.12251

Table 5.

Univariable analysis of association of alcohol drinking with top quintile biomarkers

	Number	GGT		AST		ALT		CDT		MCV
	Number	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%	n	%
Drink any beer, wine, spirits or surrogates (current; within the previous 12 months: previous; prior to the previous 12 months: never; life-long abstainer)
Never	8	1	12.5	2	25.0	5	62.5	0/8	0	0/8	0
Previous	127	5	3.9	19	15.0	13	10.2	1/123	0.81	12/127	9.5
Current	888	201	22.6	189	21.3	188	21.2	205/866	23.7	196/886	22.1
P (χ²)		<0.001		0.24		<0.001		<0.001		0.001
Frequency of consuming any alcohol in the previous 12 months
(Almost) never	135	6	4.4	21	15.6	18	13.3	1/131	0.8	12/135	8.9
1–3 days/month	326	45	13.8	49	15.0	55	16.9	40/318	12.6	41/325	12.6
1–2 days/week	341	85	24.9	69	20.2	70	20.5	73/332	22.0	78/341	22.9
3–4 days/week	135	44	32.6	42	31.1	38	28.2	54/133	40.6	46/135	34.1
5–6 days/week	64	17	26.6	18	28.1	14	21.9	26/61	42.6	19/64	29.7
Daily	21	10	47.6	11	52.4	11	52.4	12/21	57.1	11/20	55.0
P (χ²)		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
Total amount of ethanol from beverages per year (l/year) in the previous 12 months
None	135	6	4.4	21	15.6	18	13.3	1/131	0.8	12/135	8.9
>0 and <2	189	22	11.6	25	13.2	29	15.3	20/184	10.9	21/188	11.2
2–4	206	38	18.5	32	15.5	31	15.1	31/200	15.5	28/206	13.6
5–9	194	54	27.8	38	19.6	38	19.6	49/191	25.7	50/194	25.8
10–19	166	47	28.3	52	31.3	54	32.5	44/161	27.3	43/166	25.9
20 or more	120	35	29.2	39	32.5	33	27.5	57/117	48.7	49/119	41.2
P (χ²)		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001

GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; CDT = carbohydrate-deficient transferrin; MCV = mean cell volume of erythrocytes.