Table 2.
The association between smoking, socio-demographic factors and health questions, and the physical and mental component summary adjusted for age in a sample of Russian men aged 25–60 years
| n | PCS | MCS | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean diff.a(95% CI)b | Mean diff.a(95% CI)b | ||
| Smoking | 1030 | ||
| Never smoked | 198 | 0 [Ref] | 0 [Ref] |
| Ex-smoker | 185 | −1.60 (−3.23;0.03) | −0.45 (−2.26;1.37) |
| 1–10/day | 119 | 1.20 (−3.06;0.65) | −0.74 (−2.80;1.32) |
| 11–20/day | 403 | −2.09 (−3.47;−0.70) | −0.79 (−2.33;0.74) |
| >20/day | 125 | −2.09 (−3.91;−0.26) | −0.90 (−2.92;1.13) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.047 | 0.87 | |
| P-value for trendc | 0.007 | 0.28 | |
| Education | 1031 | ||
| Incomplete secondary | 46 | −0.21 (−2.64;2.22) | 0.06 (−2.64;2.77) |
| Secondary | 754 | 0 [Ref] | 0 [Ref] |
| Higher | 231 | 2.32 (1.12;3.52) | −0.56 (−1.90;0.77) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | <0.001 | 0.70 | |
| P-value for trendc | <0.001 | 0.42 | |
| Household has car and/or central heating | 1031 | ||
| Neither | 62 | −0.43 (−2.58;1.71) | 0.81 (−1.57;3.19) |
| Only one | 481 | 0 [Ref] | 0 [Ref] |
| Both | 488 | 1.75 (0.73;2.77) | 1.71 (0.58;2.84) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.002 | 0.013 | |
| P-value for trendc | <0.001 | 0.003 | |
| Nationalitye | 1031 | ||
| Russian | 667 | 0 [Ref] | 0 [Ref] |
| Udmurt | 232 | −0.62 (−1.84;0.61) | −0.31 (−1.66;1.04) |
| Tartar | 95 | −0.54 (−2.30;1.22) | 0.11 (−1.84;2.06) |
| Other | 37 | 0.28 (−2.42;2.99) | 1.98 (−1.01;4.97) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | 0.73 | 0.56 | |
| In employment | 1031 | ||
| Yes | 863 | 0 [Ref] | 0 [Ref] |
| No | 168 | −4.77 (−6.11;−3.44) | −3.47 (−4.97; −1.98) |
| P-value heterogeneityc | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Climb up a flight of stairs without breathlessness in recent months | 1030 | ||
| Yes, easily | 934 | 0 [Ref] | 0 [Ref] |
| Yes, with some difficulty | 78 | −11.24 (−12.94;−9.54) | −4.26 (−6.32;−2.21) |
| No, too difficult | 18 | −17.31 (−20.72;−13.90) | −12.63 (−16.75;−8.50) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| P-value for trendc | <0.001 | <0.001 | |
| Weight loss during the past year | 1024 | ||
| No | 903 | 0 [Ref] | 0 [Ref] |
| Yes | 121 | −2.66 (−4.20;−1.13) | −2.92 (−4.63;−1.22) |
| P-value for heterogeneityc,d | <0.001 | <0.001 |
All models are adjusted for age using linear regression.
a
Mean diff. = mean difference from reference group;
b
95% CI = 95% confidence interval for the mean difference;
c
from the partial F-test;
d
P-value for trend omitted because of binary variable;
e
P-value for trend omitted because of non ordered categories. [Ref] = reference group. PCS = physical component score; MCS = mental component score.