FIG. 5.
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 treatment decreases the time to rupture and increases the rate of microtissue contraction. Kaplan–Meier curves following dogbones composed of TGF-β1-treated NHFs (n=23) and untreated NHFs (n=22) until rupture in the rod region show that TGF-β1 treatment significantly reduces the time until rupture (p=0.011) (A). For these curves, only breaks in the rod region were counted as ruptures; breaks in the toroid regions were censored. TGF-β1 treatment increased the percentage of breaks in the rod region (p=0.047) (B). TGF-β1 treatment led to significantly decreased rod width at 4 h (p=0.000003) for dogbones with an initial rod width of 800 μm (n=5) (C). Error bars represent standard errors. Also shown are representative fluorescent images of an untreated (D) and a TGF-β1-treated (E) dogbone (labeled with CellTracker Green) at the 4-h time point. Three images spanning the length of the dogbone were stitched together to make each final image.