The prevalence of subjects with a positive TPO-Ab value according to serum 25(OH)D3 levels in men and women. Subjects were classified into three groups according to serum 25(OH)D3 levels: vitamin D deficient (<10 ng/mL), insufficient (10–30 ng/mL), and sufficient (>30 ng/mL). (A) The prevalence of subjects with a positive TPO-Ab in the vitamin D deficient group, insufficient group, and sufficient group. (B) The prevalence of TPO-Ab positivity between the three groups relative to the level of serum 25(OH)D3 in pre- and postmenopausal women. p-Values were calculated for trend analysis. (C) Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for TPO-Ab positivity among members of the 25(OH)D3-deficient and -insufficient groups compared with the 25(OH)D3-sufficient group. A binary logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted ORs after adjusting for age, body mass index, serum calcium levels, smoking, menopause, and season. Error bars represent the confidence intervals.