. 2014 Apr;27(2):302–345. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00111-13

TABLE 1.

Common causes of prosthetic joint infection

Infection	% of patients with prosthetic joint infection
	Hip and knee		Hip^c	Knee^c	Shoulder^d	Elbow^e
	All time periods^a	Early infection^b	Hip^c	Knee^c	Shoulder^d	Elbow^e
Staphylococcus aureus	27	38	13	23	18	42
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus	27	22	30	23	41	41
Streptococcus species	8	4	6	6	4	4
Enterococcus species	3	10	2	2	3	0
Aerobic Gram-negative bacilli	9	24	7	5	10	7
Anaerobic bacteria	4	3	9	5
Propionibacterium acnes					24	1
Other anaerobes					3	0
Culture negative	14	10	7	11	15	5
Polymicrobial	15	31	14	12	16	3
Other	3

Data aggregated from 2,435 joints (24, 26, 57, 79, 93 –102).

Data aggregated from 637 joints (67, 97, 98, 103 –107).

Data from 1,979 hip and 1,427 knee PJIs from the Mayo Clinic Prosthetic Joint Infection Database (E. F. Berbari, personal communication).

Data aggregated from 199 shoulders (56, 110 –116).

Data aggregated from 110 elbows (13, 117 –120).