. 2014 Apr;27(2):371–418. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00122-13

TABLE 9.

PCR-based assays for detection and molecular characterization of Schistosoma infections^f

Species	Amplification method	Detection method	Target(s)	Sample type(s)	Reference
S. mansoni	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Adult worm	385
S. haematobium	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	S. haematobium tandem repeat	Adult worm	386
S. mansoni	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Stool, serum	387
S. mansoni	PCR^a	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Stool	388
S. mansoni	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	Mitochondrial DNA	Stool	511
S. japonicum	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	Mitochondrial DNA	Stool	511
Schistosoma genus	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	28S	Urine	512
S. mansoni	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	28S	Urine	512
S. japonicum	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	28S	Urine	512
S. haematobium, S. bovis, S. intercalatum	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	ITS	Urine	512
S. mansoni	Real-time PCR	SYBR green	SSU rDNA		513
S. japonicum	Real-time PCR	SYBR green	nad1	Stool	514
S. mansoni	Multiplex real-time PCR	Hydrolysis probe	cox1	Stool	394
S. haematobium	Multiplex real-time PCR	Hydrolysis probe	cox1	Stool	394
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR	Hydrolysis probe	ITS2	Urine	458
S. japonicum	Real-time PCR	Hydrolysis probe	nad1	Stool	515
S. mansoni	PCR^a	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Stool	516
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR	Hydrolysis probe	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Plasma	397
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR^c	Hydrolysis probe	ITS2	Vaginal lavage	395
S. japonicum	LAMP	Visual	Retrotransposon SjR2 repeat	Serum	517
S. mansoni	PCR^a	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Stool	518
Schistosoma genus	PCR-ELISA^a	ELISA	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Stool	519
S. mansoni	PCR^a,b	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat and 28S	Stool	520
S. haematobium	PCR^e	Gel electrophoresis	S. haematobium tandem repeat	Cerebrospinal fluid	521
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR^d	Hydrolysis probe	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Serum	383
S. haematobium	PCR^e	Gel electrophoresis	S. haematobium tandem repeat	Urine	391
S. haematobium	PCR^e	Gel electrophoresis	S. haematobium tandem repeat	Urine	392
S. japonicum	Nested PCR	Gel electrophoresis	S. japonicum repeat sequence	Serum	522
S. mansoni	PCR^a	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Urine	523
S. japonicum	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	Retrotransposon SjR2 repeat	Stool	524
S. mansoni	PCR^a	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Stool	525
S. mansoni	Nested PCR^a	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Spiked stool	526
S. haematobium	PCR	Gel electrophoresis	nad1 and cox1	Urine	393
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR	Hydrolysis probe	28S	Stool, urine, serum	398
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR^d	Hydrolysis probe	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Plasma	384
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR^c	Hydrolysis probe	ITS2	Urine	389
S. mansoni	PCR^a	Gel electrophoresis	S. mansoni tandem repeat	Urine	527
Schistosoma genus	Real-time PCR^c	Hydrolysis probe	ITS2	Urine, vaginal lavage	396

PCR primers are described in reference 387.

PCR primers are described in reference 512.

PCR primers and probe are described in reference 458.

PCR primers and probe are described in reference 397.

PCR primers are described in reference 386.

Abbreviations: RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; SSU, small subunit; ITS, internal transcribed spacer; cox1, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene; nad1, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1.